The diagram illustrates the construction and working principle of a basic filtration system used to purify impure water and make it suitable for drinking.
Overall, the process involves three main filtering materials arranged in layers within a container, which gradually remove contaminants from the water before it is stored in a separate clean water storage tank.
Initially, impure water is poured into a container from the top. Inside this container, there are three layers of filtering substances arranged from bottom to top: gravel at the bottom, followed by charcoal, and sand on top. As the water flows downwards due to gravity, each layer plays a role in filtering out contaminants and particles from the water. Gravel helps to trap larger debris, charcoal removes chemical impurities, and sand filters out finer particles.
After passing through all three layers, the now filtered water exits the main container through a hose or pipe attached to the side. This clean water is then transferred into a separate drinking water storage tank, from which it can be easily accessed through a tap at the bottom.