The diagram demonstrates the process by which oil is used in the manufacture of perfume. Overall, the process consists of several sequential stages, beginning with the generation of steam and culminating in the separation of essential oil from aromatic water.
The process begins when water is heated over an open flame to produce steam. The steam then travels through a pipe to a container, where aromatic plants are placed. After steam passes through the plant material, it absorbs essential oils, resulting in the formation of a vapor mixture of steam and oil. Next, the mixture flows into a helical condenser, where it is cooled with cold water entering from the bottom and exiting as hot water from the top, causing the vapor to condense into a liquid state.
Following condensation, the liquid mixture of water and essential oil flows into a separator. Because essential oil is lighter than water, it floats to the top and is collected via a side pipe. Meanwhile, the remaining liquid at the bottom is discharged through an outlet pipe as hydrolat, which is often called aromatic water.