The diagram illustrates the lifecycle of a contemporary landfill designed for the disposal of household waste, encompassing three primary stages: construction, utilization, and closure.
Initially, a substantial excavation is undertaken in the earth above a layer of natural rock. Following the excavation, the pit is lined with a thick clay layer, succeeded by a synthetic material layer, both serving to prevent the infiltration of toxic waste substances into the surrounding soil. Additionally, drainage pipes and a drainage tank are installed to facilitate the removal of toxic waste liquids from the landfill’s base.
Upon completion of the landfill’s construction, it is prepared to receive household waste. During the landfill’s operational phase, waste liquids descend to the bottom, accumulating in the drainage tank and subsequently being extracted via the drainage pipes to mitigate gas accumulation. When the landfill reaches capacity, it is sealed with a thick layer of clay. Over time, as the waste decomposes, gases are emitted from the landfill.