Band 9: The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purposes.

The given diagrams sketch out the method through which cement and concrete are made.

Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that the cement procedure is made up of five main steps, commencing from crushing the input material and ending with being enclosed in individual packets. Meanwhile, only one primary stage is required in concrete production, mixing.

Observing the cement manufacture in detail, the procedure starts with crushing limestone and clay in a crusher, turning them into small particles. Afterwards, the two previously ground substances are then combined using a mixing machine. Subsequently, the well-blended mixture is heated thoroughly in a rotating machine. Once that process is completed, it is ground before being transferred into packages. Notably, this final product can be utilized in concrete, as one of the main ingredients.

Turning to the next diagram, the concrete production only involves one primary phase, beginning with adding 50% gravel, 25% sand, 15% cement, and 10% water straight into the mixing machinery, where all components are blended together to form a homogeneous concrete.