Band 6+: The chart below shows how much money five big pharmaceutical companies spent on research in 2012 and 2018 and gives an estimate of the amounts spent in 2022. Describe the data providing an overview of the general trends, reporting the main features, and making comparisons.

The bar chart illustrates the proportion of billions of dollars spent by 5 large pharmaceutical organisations on research in 2012 and 2018 and the forecast for 2022. Overall, all companies showed the significant rise of spending over the periods: Pharm and Novas, which can show the greatest figure in 2022 too, were in the lead in 2012 and 2018, respectively.

In terms of Pharm, in 2012, it spent about nine billion dollars (the highest score in that year), but six year ago had the second position (around 13 billion dollars). In 2022, its figure can be twice as great as its spending in 2012. Novas spent almost less than 5 billions dollars in 2012 like Avicenna, but, in 2018, it was in the lead with about 17 billion dollars. Besides, it can show the three-time growth in 2022 (about 58 billion dollars). Fleming’s figures were 5 billion dollars in 2012 and 16 billion dollars in 2018 and, in 2022, may be two times greater than in 2018.

As for Biopharm, its spendings were the lowest during the first two recorded years (1 billion dollars and 6 billion dollars, respectively). However, in 2022, it can have the third highest figure, which may be four times as large as its spending in 2018. Avicenna always were with the forth highest score.