The graphics show the percentage of households that had electrical appliances (washing machines, refrigerators, and vacuum cleaners) and the number of hours spent on housework per week in one country from 1920 to 2019.
Overall, while ownership of all appliances showed an upward trajectory, the number of hours of housework experienced a dramatic decline.
In 1920, whereas ownership of washing machines and vacuum cleaners stood at around 40% and 30% respectively, no households owned a refrigerator. Over the following decades, ownership of refrigerators rose exponentially, surpassing 90% in 1980, and reaching 100% in 2000. Households with vacuum cleaners showed a similar pattern. It experienced a dramatic increase and stood at 100% by 2000. Moreover, ownership of washing machines rose to 70% by 1960, then fluctuated from 1960 to 2000, and reached 75% by 2019.
Conversely, the number of hours spent on chores per week fell sharply from 50 hours in 1920 to 20 hours. Following this, housework time continued to decline, albeit at a slower rate, reaching roughly 10 hours by 2019.
