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The image presents a comparative graphical depiction of water runoff in forested and urban settings. Both sections of the graph start with precipitation elements at the top. In the forested section, arrows point downward showing "Infiltration" through a "Permeable topsoil" and "Less permeable subsoil on rock" leading to "Water table" and then "Baseflow" with lateral arrows indicating "Evaporation" and "Transpiration" at the tree level, and "Runoff" at surface level. In contrast, the urban section arrows point towards "Reduced transpiration" and "Reduced evaporation" at the building level, with a significant arrow marked "Increased runoff" with side annotation "polluted" leading to "Increased erosion" with a consequential decrease in "Infiltration" and "Baseflow" compared to the forested section. There are no numerical data points or percentages provided.
Given the complexity of the image, the above description may not be entirely accurate.
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The two diagrams illustrate the water cycle in city areas compared to forest areas. The process in each diagram comprises the same six stages, starting with rainfall and culminating in runoff.
In general, the rainfall in the two areas remains the same; yet, urban areas exhibit less water going up into the atmosphere and returning to the water table, and more erosion and water pollution occur there compared to forest areas.
Above the ground, it can be seen that less water evaporates from the ground, as well as a reduction in the level of transpiration from foliage in cities than in forest areas. This, in turn, causes more water to stay on the surface in urban areas, becoming dirty and polluted as it runs off to the rivers, lakes, or oceans.
While below the ground, water from rainfall is less likely to infiltrate the soil and cause the baseflow to reduce, resulting in a thinner water table for urban areas and increasing the level of erosion.
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