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The image presents a comparative graphical depiction of water runoff in forested and urban settings. Both sections of the graph start with precipitation elements at the top. In the forested section, arrows point downward showing "Infiltration" through a "Permeable topsoil" and "Less permeable subsoil on rock" leading to "Water table" and then "Baseflow" with lateral arrows indicating "Evaporation" and "Transpiration" at the tree level, and "Runoff" at surface level. In contrast, the urban section arrows point towards "Reduced transpiration" and "Reduced evaporation" at the building level, with a significant arrow marked "Increased runoff" with side annotation "polluted" leading to "Increased erosion" with a consequential decrease in "Infiltration" and "Baseflow" compared to the forested section. There are no numerical data points or percentages provided.
Given the complexity of the image, the above description may not be entirely accurate.
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The diagram illustrates how different is the water cycle in forests and urban areas. The cycle involves multiple stages.
Overall, the process starts with precipitation in both areas and ends evaporation and transpiration of water in the forests than in the urban areas. More evaporation and transpiration can be seen in the forests than the cities.
Looking in detail, regarding the water cycle in forests, droplets from precipitation after falling on the permeable top soil and less permeable subsoil on the rocks, the maximum amount of infliltration happens, which also allows better baseflow. The water then evaporates and transpiration takes place with cleaner runoff.
On the other hand, in the urban areas where there is a thinner layer of topsoil and subsoil on rocks because of infrastructure, the infiltration is reduced, resulting in less evaporation and less traspiration. Furthermore, it also affects the baseflow adversely and then the soil gets more eroded. In addition to that, there is an increase in polluted runoff as well.
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