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The image presents a comparative graphical depiction of water runoff in forested and urban settings. Both sections of the graph start with precipitation elements at the top. In the forested section, arrows point downward showing "Infiltration" through a "Permeable topsoil" and "Less permeable subsoil on rock" leading to "Water table" and then "Baseflow" with lateral arrows indicating "Evaporation" and "Transpiration" at the tree level, and "Runoff" at surface level. In contrast, the urban section arrows point towards "Reduced transpiration" and "Reduced evaporation" at the building level, with a significant arrow marked "Increased runoff" with side annotation "polluted" leading to "Increased erosion" with a consequential decrease in "Infiltration" and "Baseflow" compared to the forested section. There are no numerical data points or percentages provided.
Given the complexity of the image, the above description may not be entirely accurate.
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The figure illustrates the water cycle in two different areas: frosted and urban.
Rainwater will encounter different steps when precipitated on soil. First, part of this water will be permeable on the topsoil and the other one is less permeable in the subsoil. In the subsoil, the water infiltrate downward. This infiltration is less in the urban area than the forested ones. Similar to the baseflow, it is reduced in urban areas. Adding to that, the percentage of erosion increase in urban areas while in forested ones, a water table is found.
On the other hand, water found on the topsoil is evaporated and transpirated. In the forest areas, the amount of water evaporated and transpirated is more than that of the urban ones. Moreover, regarding the runoff of the water, it is obvious that they are more polluted runoff is seen in the urban areas.
In conclusion, these factors depend on the percentage of trees planted. In urban areas, trees are cut due to the increase in population, where in turn leads to reduction in the process of water cycle.
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