The first chart illustrates the population growth in England and Wales from 1700 to 2000, while the second chart presents data on the birth and death rates per 1000 people in the same regions and time periods.
Overall, the population increased significantly over the three centuries, with the most notable growth occurring in the 20th century. Meanwhile, both the birth and death rates peaked in 1800 and showed a downward trend in the following years, with the birth rate consistently remaining higher than the death rate.
In 1700, the population was around 5 million, but this figure rose to approximately 10 million by 1800. A substantial increase occurred during the next century, with the population reaching roughly 30 million in 1900. The most dramatic growth was observed by 2000, when the population climbed to just under 50 million.
As for birth and death rates, both reached their highest levels in 1800, at about 23 and 17 per 1000, respectively. In contrast, the rates in 1700 were significantly lower, with births and deaths standing at around 10 and 8 per 1000. After 1800, both figures gradually declined. By 2000, the birth rate had decreased to around 12 per 1000, while the death rate dropped to approximately 7 per 1000.