Vietnam has experienced various gains and losses throughout its history of formation and development. In the past, Vietnamese people established strong relationships against war crimes but also suffered the consequences. These impacts have contributed to the country’s culture and shaped people’s awareness, resulting in a national identity based on past events, familial traditions, and foreign influences.
Firstly, Vietnam’s national identity is influenced by its history of authorities and foreign colonization. Similar to many Asian countries, Vietnam’s land was under several dynasties, either ruling the country or smaller regions and provinces. With each reign, diverse cultures, architecture, and celebrations were born, taking their roles in past and modern society. In the early years of the Nguyen Dynasty, the Imperial City of Hue was built with palaces and is now a popular tourist destination. Another example is The Temple of Literature, Vietnam’s first national university; it was a school for many noble Vietnamese and is a well-known attraction in Ha Noi. Domination from China, France, and the U.S. also determined Vietnam’s spirit and politics as the Vietnamese’s pride and national defense were strengthened. During most eras, Vietnam’s patriarchal society was governed by male figures; however, it is worth acknowledging female leadership and the system’s downsides.
Secondly, traditions emphasizing relationships are highly regarded with various gathering occasions. Building and maintaining relationships are prioritized by most families, and family relationships hold a special place in Vietnamese hearts. Holidays like the Lunar New Year or Mid-Autumn, originally from China, are actively responded to by Vietnamese through family meetings or mealtime. Moreover, when dating, some people tend to settle for marriage to declare their sincere love for their significant other. Besides cherishing families, Vietnamese also feel gratitude for our teachers and previous generations by participating in different events and customs. For instance, before eating fruits, people often dedicate them to ancestors at altars and worship them for fortune. The country also has a National Teacher’s Day, showing appreciation to those devoted to education.
Lastly, foreign countries’ cultures influence our language, arts, and religious beliefs. The language pronunciations and alphabet were based on Chinese intonation and French writing. French culture also affected the country’s architecture, as seen at Saigon monuments like the Notre Dame Cathedral, the City’s Post Office, and the People’s Commision building. Moreover, most religious people in Vietnam follow Buddhism, which originated from India and China. Despite being inspired by other cultures, people still maintain and preserve the country’s heritage with the mindset of integration without assimilation.
The national identity of Vietnam has been established through historical events, cultural traditions, and external interference, making it original, unique, and diverse. As a result, what defines Vietnam and its people comes in all shapes and forms, as they take pride in both physical and intangible heritage.