Although the concept of ecotourism has a positive impact on the touristic sphere, new practices meaningfully change the environmental and social life of some places. There are benefits and drawbacks to the development of ecotourism.
On the one hand, there are a number of advantages of ecologically responsible tourism. Firstly, a new concept stimulates the tourism sphere to become more conscious of nature. Environmental friendly behavior of travelers and of industry can reduce the damage caused by uncontrolled tourism activities. Secondly, the adaptation of ecological standards can initiate economic growth on a local level. Due to the popularity of the wide-spreading form of tourism, it can provide numerous jobs, monetize touristic flow, and attract investment. For example, in Russia, in Karelia, exist national park Ruskeala, which follows the rules of ecotourism. Due to this, the park attracts a lot of tourism, and funds are used to preserve the ecological heritage.
On the other hand, there are also some drawbacks to be taken into account. One issue concerns the seasonal nature of the jobs provided to residents. Given the direct connection between the flows of eco-tourists and specific seasons, many locals remain unemployed for a large amount of time each year. Another possible issue is related to the change in ecosystems caused by tourists. Even despite all precautions, overly numerous travelers may unknowingly force natural tribes to leave their homes and bring new microorganisms to the area. For instance, a poisonous weed was accidentally introduced into one of Moscow’s sanctuaries, which led to the extinction of other species.
In conclusion, while ecotourism can have a positive effect on the local environment and economy, it can also lead to negative impact on the local community and ecosystem.