Generally, I believe that governments have a lot of responsibility about charging to solve damage of environment because big companies can provide huge financial budget and all efforts for solving wide problems such as environmental problems also governments should put strict rules related to this kind of situation.
Regarding the role of big companies that are responsible for manufacturing such fuel fossils, chemicals, huge equipment and foodstuffs. They have huge responsibility for causing pollution emissions from their factories, that is why all companies cause more damage to rivers, forests and the negative effects of chemicals can kill many insects and animals which reflect on the eco system.in addition they have big lead of markets ,so if they produce clean products the damage will decline.
As for role of governments that observe all factories and companies that care less about the environment and put clear rules regarding saving environment, it also requires tough punishment and taxes for all companies that do not follow those rules. In addition, advertising of clean energy such as wind power and solar power encourages companies to use this clean energy. Moreover, governments should make cooperation with other governments from many countries to save the global eco system.
In conclusion, all sides should cooperate to prevent damaging the environment, and governments should create many ideas to reduce pollution. However, that can take many years of fixing, but it is necessary for all individuals in country. Also people should understand all these efforts.