Master the Cambridge IELTS 10 Academic Reading Test 1 Passage 1 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 10 Academic Reading Test 1 Passage 1
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fundamental
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(adj) /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntl/
very important; essential
Example: Water is fundamental for all living things.
neglect
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(v) /nɪˈɡlɛkt/
to fail to take care of or pay attention to something
Example: We should not neglect our health.
restoration
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(n) /ˌrɛstəˈreɪʃən/
the act of returning something to its original condition
Example: The restoration of the building took several years.
monument
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(n) /ˈmɒn.jʊ.mənt/
a structure built to remember a person or event
Example: The monument honors the country's heroes.
bygone
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(adj) /ˈbaɪˌɡɒn/
related to a time in the past
Example: The museum has many objects from a bygone time.
era
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(n) /ˈɪərə/
a long period of time often marked by certain events or conditions
Example: The dinosaurs lived during a different era.
inhabitant
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(n) /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/
a person or animal that lives in a particular place
Example: The inhabitants of the village are very friendly.
groundwater
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(n) /ˈɡraʊndˌwɔːtər/
water that is found underground in soil or in rock
Example: Farmers need groundwater to irrigate their crops.
irrigation
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(n) /ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃən/
the method of bringing water to land in order to help plants grow
Example: Farmers use irrigation to water their crops.
significance
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(n) /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/
the importance of something
Example: The significance of the study was very clear.
invention
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(n) /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/
a new idea or method
Example: The invention of the telephone changed communication.
utilitarian
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(adj) /ˌjuːtɪlɪˈtɛəriən/
designed to be useful or practical
Example: The utilitarian design of the chair makes it very comfortable.
application
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(n) /ˌæp.lɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
the use of something for a particular purpose
Example: The application of this method helps save water.
architecturally
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(adv) /ˌɑːrkɪˈtɛkˌtʃərəli/
in a way that relates to the design and style of buildings
Example: The building is architecturally beautiful.
complex
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(adj) /ˈkɑːmplɛks/
consisting of many different parts or complicated
Example: The puzzle was too complex for me to solve.
heyday
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(n) /ˈheɪˌdeɪ/
the time when someone or something was most successful
Example: The park was beautiful in its heyday.
leisure
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(n) /ˈliːʒər/
time when you are not working and can relax
Example: I enjoy reading books in my leisure time.
caste
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(n) /kæst/
a social class or group in a society
Example: In some cultures, people are born into a certain caste.
aquifer
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(n) /ˈakwəˌfɪr/
a layer of rock or soil that can hold water underground
Example: The farmer dug deep to find the aquifer for irrigation.
recede
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(v) /rɪˈsiːd/
to move back or away
Example: The water level will recede after the rain stops.
negotiate
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(v) /nɪˈɡoʊʃieɪt/
to talk about something in order to reach an agreement
Example: They negotiate the price before buying the car.
elaborate
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(adj) /ɪˈlæbəˌreɪt/
involving many careful details
Example: The painting was very elaborate and had many colors.
storey
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(n) /ˈstɔːri/
a level of a building
Example: The house has three storeys with a beautiful view from the top.
pavilion
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(n) /pəˈvɪl.jən/
a building or structure that provides shelter, often found in gardens or parks
Example: The children played in the pavilion during the picnic.
relentless
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(adj) /rɪˈlɛntləs/
never stopping or becoming less intense
Example: The relentless sun made it hard to stay outside.
intricate
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(adj) /ˈɪntrɪkɪt/
very detailed and complicated
Example: The intricate patterns on the wall were beautifully painted.
embellish
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(v) /ɪmˈbɛlɪʃ/
to make something more attractive by adding decoration
Example: They like to embellish their home with beautiful art.
churn
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(v) /tʃɜrn/
to mix a substance vigorously, especially to make butter or yogurt
Example: They like to churn butter on the farm.
derelict
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(adj) /ˈder.ə.lɪkt/
abandoned and in poor condition
Example: The old building became derelict after years of neglect.
divert
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(v) /dɪˈvɜrt/
to turn aside from a path or direction
Example: The road was closed, so we had to divert to a different route.
drought
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(n) /draʊt/
a long period of time without rain, causing a shortage of water
Example: The farmers are worried about the drought this year.
pristine
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(adj) /prɪˈstiːn/
in perfect condition; unspoiled
Example: The painting is in pristine condition.
niche
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(n) /nɪtʃ/
a special area in which a particular kind of business or activity is focused
Example: The artist found her niche in painting landscapes.
incarnation
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(n) /ˌɪn.kɑːrˈneɪ.ʃən/
the act of being born in a particular form or body
Example: Hindu beliefs include the idea of reincarnation.
devastating
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(adj) /ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ/
causing great damage or destruction
Example: The earthquake was devastating for the small town.
reservoir
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(n) /ˈrɛzərˌvwɑr/
a large natural or artificial lake used to store water
Example: The workers filled the reservoir with clean water.
hallmark
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(n) /ˈhɔlˌmɑrk/
a special feature or quality that is typical of someone or something
Example: The building has the hallmark of great design.
geometrical
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(adj) /ˌdʒiːəˈmɛtrɪkəl/
related to geometry, the branch of mathematics that deals with shapes and sizes
Example: The garden has a beautiful geometrical design.
intricately
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(adv) /ˈɪntrɪkɪtli/
in a very detailed and complicated way
Example: The artist intricately designs each piece.
commission
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(n) /kəˈmɪʃən/
a payment made to someone for their work or services, usually a percentage of the amount involved in a sale or transaction
Example: The artist received a commission for the painting.
aesthetically
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(adv) /iːsˈθɛtɪkli/
in a way that is related to beauty or the appreciation of beauty
Example: The building was designed aesthetically to attract more visitors.
dramatic
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(adj) /drəˈmætɪk/
very noticeable or impressive
Example: The play had a dramatic ending.
zigzag
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(n) /ˈzɪɡ.zæɡ/
a pattern or movement that alternates sharply between opposite directions
Example: The road zigzagged up the hill.
veranda
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(n) /vəˈrændə/
a roofed platform along the outside of a house
Example: She likes to sit on the veranda and enjoy the fresh air.
ornate
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(adj) /ɔrˈneɪt/
decorated in a fancy or detailed way
Example: The ornate pillars of the building were admired by everyone.
colonnaded
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(adj) /ˌkɑːl.əˈneɪ.dɪd/
having columns or similar structures for support
Example: The building had beautiful colonnaded walkways.
medieval
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(adj) /ˌmɛdɪˈiːvəl/
related to the Middle Ages
Example: The castle has a medieval style of architecture.
engineering
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(n) /ˌɛn.dʒɪˈnɪr.ɪŋ/
the activity of designing and building things, especially machines or structures
Example: He plans to study engineering in college.
far-flung
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(adj) /fɑr flʌŋ/
located far away or in distant places
Example: They traveled to far-flung areas to explore new cultures.
gaze
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(v) /ɡeɪz/
to look at something for a long time
Example: They gaze at the beautiful sunset.
marvel
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(n) /ˈmɑr.vəl/
something that is very impressive or amazing
Example: The ancient structures are architectural marvels.
ingenuity
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(n) /ˌɪn.dʒəˈnjuː.ə.ti/
the ability to think of clever and useful ideas
Example: Her ingenuity helped solve the problem quickly.
artistry
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(n) /ˈɑːrtɪstri/
creative skill or ability
Example: The artist displayed her artistry in every painting.
civilization
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(n) /ˌsɪv.əl.ɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
a society that has developed art, science, and government
Example: Many ancient civilizations left behind impressive monuments.
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