Master the Cambridge IELTS 11 Academic Reading Test 4 Passage 1 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 11 Academic Reading Test 4 Passage 1
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biomedical
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(adj) /ˌbaɪoʊˈmɛdɪkəl/
related to the field of medicine and biology
Example: She studied biomedical sciences in college.
untangle
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(v) /ʌnˈtæŋɡəl/
to remove tangles or confusion from something
Example: I need to untangle the wires behind my desk.
identical
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(adj) /aɪˈdɛntɪkəl/
exactly the same
Example: The two pictures are identical.
fertilized
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(adj) /ˈfɜr.tɪ.laɪzd/
having had sperm added to an egg to start the growth of a baby
Example: The scientist studied a fertilized egg under a microscope.
virtually
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(adv) /ˈvɜr.tʃu.ə.li/
almost or nearly; not completely
Example: The twins look virtually identical.
genetic
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(adj) /dʒəˈnɛtɪk/
related to genes or heredity
Example: Genetic traits can be passed from parents to children.
environmental
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(adj) /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntəl/
relating to the natural world and the impact of human activity on it
Example: The project focuses on environmental issues.
fraternal
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(adj) /frəˈtɜrnəl/
related to brothers
Example: The fraternal twins have very different personalities.
quantify
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(v) /ˈkwɒntɪfaɪ/
to measure or express the amount of something
Example: It's difficult to quantify the impact of music on learning.
ailment
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(n) /ˈeɪlmənt/
a health problem or illness
Example: She took medicine for her ailment.
vulnerability
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(n) /ˌvʌl.nəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/
the state of being weak and easily hurt or attacked
Example: The child's vulnerability made her afraid of loud noises.
heredity
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(n) /həˈrɛdɪti/
the way in which qualities or traits are passed from parents to their children
Example: Heredity plays a big role in how we look.
interplay
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(n) /ˈɪntərˌpleɪ/
the way two or more things influence each other
Example: The interplay between light and shadow creates a beautiful effect in the painting.
pinpoint
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(v) /ˈpɪnˌpɔɪnt/
to locate exactly
Example: The scientists can pinpoint the cause of the problem.
inheritance
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(n) /ɪnˈhɛrɪtəns/
the genetic qualities that you get from your parents
Example: She was proud of her family's inheritance.
crucial
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(adj) /ˈkruː.ʃəl/
very important
Example: It is crucial to study hard for the exam.
personalities
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(n) /ˌpɜr.sənˈæl.ɪ.tiz/
the different qualities or traits that make someone unique
Example: People have different personalities that make them special.
coined
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(v) /kɔɪnd/
to create a new word or phrase
Example: The scientist coined a new term for her research.
reunited
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(v) /ˌriːjuːˈnaɪtɪd/
to come together again after being apart
Example: The twins were reunited after many years.
heritability
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(n) /ˌhɛrɪtəˈbɪləti/
the ability of traits to be passed down from parents to their children
Example: The heritability of eye color is often observed in families.
elemental
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(adj) /ˌɛl.əˈmɛn.təl/
relating to the basic or fundamental aspects
Example: Water is an elemental substance that is essential for life.
epigenetics
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(n) /ˌɛpɪdʒəˈnɛtɪks/
the study of how genes are influenced by the environment and other factors
Example: Researchers are exploring the effects of epigenetics on health.
radical
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(adj) /ˈrædɪkəl/
very different from the usual or traditional
Example: The scientist proposed a radical approach to solving the problem.
conclusion
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(n) /kənˈkluːʒən/
the final decision or opinion reached after consideration
Example: The conclusion of the meeting was very positive.
epigenetic
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(adj) /ˌɛpɪdʒəˈnɛtɪk/
related to changes in gene activity without changing the DNA sequence
Example: Epigenetic studies show how our environment can change our genes.
processes
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(n) /ˈprɑːsɛsɪz/
series of actions taken to achieve a particular result
Example: The chef has different processes for cooking each dish.
component
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(n) /kəmˈpoʊnənt/
a part or element of something
Example: Water is a key component of all living things.
expressed
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(v) /ɪkˈsprɛst/
to show or make known something
Example: She expressed her thoughts clearly.
immense
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(adj) /ɪˈmɛns/
very large in size or amount
Example: The piano keyboard is immense.
symbolizing
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(v) /ˈsɪmbəlaɪzɪŋ/
to represent something with a symbol
Example: Each key symbolizing a segment of DNA responsible for a particular note.
trait
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(n) /treɪt/
a characteristic or quality of a person
Example: Kindness is a good trait to have.
revolutionizing
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(v) /ˌrɛvəˈluːʃənaɪzɪŋ/
to change something very fundamentally
Example: New technology is revolutionizing the way we communicate.
mechanism
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(n) /ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm/
a way of doing something or a system that helps something to work
Example: The machine has a complex mechanism for operating efficiently.
fetus
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(n) /ˈfiːtəs/
the unborn young of a human, usually regarded as being from about eight weeks after conception until birth
Example: The doctor checked the health of the fetus during the ultrasound.
behavioral
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(adj) /bɪˈheɪvjərəl/
related to how people act
Example: The scientists studied the behavioral patterns of the animals.
rodent
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(n) /ˈroʊdɛnt/
a type of small mammal with large front teeth, like rats and mice
Example: A mouse is a common rodent found in many homes.
randomly
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(adv) /ˈrændəmli/
in a way that is not planned or organized
Example: The numbers were chosen randomly for the game.
embryonic
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(adj) /ˌɛm.briˈɒn.ɪk/
related to the early stage of development of an organism
Example: Embryonic cells can develop into different types of cells in the body.
geneticist
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(n) /dʒəˈnɛtɪsɪst/
a scientist who studies genes and heredity
Example: The geneticist explained how traits are passed down through families.
hardwired
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(adj) /ˈhɑrdˌwaɪərd/
something that is permanently fixed or determined
Example: Her talents in music seem to be hardwired.
unalterable
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(adj) /ˌʌnˈɔːltərəbəl/
not able to be changed
Example: Some traits are unalterable and stay the same for life.
origin
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(n) /ˈɔrɪdʒɪn/
the place or situation where something begins
Example: The origin of the river is in the nearby mountains.
surge
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(n) /sɜrdʒ/
a sudden increase or rise
Example: There was a surge in demand for new products.
trailblazer
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(n) /ˈtreɪlˌbleɪzər/
a person who is the first to do something, making it easier for others to follow
Example: She was a trailblazer in the fight for equal rights.
schizophrenia
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(n) /ˌskɪt.soʊˈfrɛn.i.ə/
a serious mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves
Example: He is learning how to live with schizophrenia.
reflective
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(adj) /rɪˈflɛk.tɪv/
thoughtful or careful about something
Example: The teacher asked us to be reflective about our learning.
epigenetics
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(n) /ˌɛpɪdʒəˈnɛtɪks/
the study of how our environment can change the way genes work
Example: Epigenetics helps us understand how stress can affect our health.
promising
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(adj) /ˈprɑː.mɪ.sɪŋ/
likely to be successful or to produce good results
Example: The scientist presented a promising solution to the problem.
DNA
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(n) /diːˈɛnˈeɪ/
a molecule that carries genetic information
Example: DNA determines the traits we inherit from our parents.
pencil
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(n) /ˈpɛnsl/
a tool for writing or drawing that has a thin stick of graphite
Example: She wrote her notes with a pencil.
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