Cambridge IELTS 12 Academic Reading Test 4 Passage 1

Definition

(n) a type of black volcanic glass Example: The sharp edge of ______ can be used for cutting.

Term

obsidian

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Definition

(n) a person who studies the past by digging up and examining objects Example: An ______ found ancient tools in the ground.

Term

archaeologist

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a shiny coating or finish applied to a surface Example: The artist used a special ______ on the pottery.

Term

glaze

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Definition

(adj) in a liquid state due to being heated Example: The ______ material was poured into a mold.

Term

molten

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Definition

(n) a substance that makes something impure or dirty

Term

impurity

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Definition

(n) a slight color or shade Example: The artist added a ______ of blue to the painting.

Term

tint

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Definition

(v) to fall down suddenly Example: The structure could ______ if not repaired.

Term

collapse

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Definition

(adj) existing or happening in many places or among many people Example: The new law was met with ______ support.

Term

widespread

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a person who is skilled in making things by hand Example: The ______ created a beautiful wooden chair.

Term

craftsman

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the art of making glass objects Example: She learned ______ to create beautiful vases.

Term

glasswork

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Male Female

Definition

(n) an important event or point in progress Example: Creating lead crystal glass was a major ______ in glass history.

Term

milestone

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a company that makes products for sale Example: The ______ produces a wide range of glass items.

Term

manufacturer

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to do something to stop or reduce the effect of something else Example: He tried to ______ the noise by using earplugs.

Term

counter

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) related to the bending of light when it passes through a material Example: The scientist studied the ______ properties of different glasses.

Term

refractive

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Male Female

Definition

(n) great brightness or exceptional talent Example: Her ______ shone through in her artwork.

Term

brilliance

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) extremely valuable or helpful Example: Her advice was ______ for my project.

Term

invaluable

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) related to vision or the way light behaves Example: The ______ lens helps people see better.

Term

optical

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) relating to astronomy or space Example: They designed an ______ telescope to study the stars.

Term

astronomical

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Male Female

Definition

(n) an instrument for viewing distant objects, using lenses Example: I used a ______ to see the stars clearly.

Term

telescope

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Male Female

Definition

(n) an instrument that makes small things look larger Example: The student used a ______ to see the tiny cells.

Term

microscope

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to cancel or remove a law or rule Example: The government decided to ______ the old law.

Term

repeal

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a tax on certain goods, especially alcohol and tobacco Example: The ______ on whiskey makes it more expensive.

Term

excise

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to impose a tax or fee Example: The government decided to ______ a new tax.

Term

levy

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) relating to the growing of flowers, fruits, and vegetables Example: She enjoys ______ activities in her garden.

Term

horticultural

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the process of making progress or improving something Example: The ______ of technology helps people connect better.

Term

advancement

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) able to operate automatically but still requires some manual action Example: The factory uses a ______ machine to produce bottles.

Term

semi-automatic

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to make a process happen automatically without human control Example: They decide to ______ the assembly line to be faster.

Term

automate

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) having a strong effect on someone or causing admiration Example: The show was ______ and everyone enjoyed it.

Term

impressive

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a distinct part or area within a larger system or group Example: The company focuses on the technology ______.

Term

sector

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Definition

(adj) exact and accurate Example: The teacher asked for a ______ answer to the question.

Term

precise

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Definition

(adj) using the latest technology Example: The factory uses ______ machines to create products.

Term

hi-tech

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Male Female

Definition

(adv) in a very intense and strong way Example: The teams are fighting ______ for the championship.

Term

fiercely

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) involving a competition or rivalry Example: The teams are very ______ this year.

Term

competitive

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) very important or necessary Example: Quality is ______ for customer satisfaction.

Term

critical

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to keep something in good condition or to continue to have something Example: It is important to ______ a good relationship with friends.

Term

maintain

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a particular feature or part of something

Term

aspect

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the material that covers or protects something for sale Example: The ______ is made of recycled paper.

Term

packaging

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a type of food Example: I bought some ______ for the party.

Term

foodstuff

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a product applied to the body to make it look better Example: She bought new ______ for the party.

Term

cosmetic

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to use something again after it has been used Example: I ______ paper and plastic to help the planet.

Term

recycle

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a person who buys and uses goods and services Example: The ______ chose a bottle for their drink.

Term

consumer

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a feeling of worry or ______ about something Example: There is a lot of ______ about pollution.

Term

concern

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) liked by a lot of people Example: The colors green, brown, and clear are the most ______.

Term

popular

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a place where waste is buried Example: The city decided to build a new ______ for its garbage.

Term

landfill

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to take stone or other materials from a place, especially to use for building Example: They ______ marble for the new building.

Term

quarry

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) valuable and important Example: Water is a ______ resource for all living things.

Term

precious

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Male Female

Definition

(n) something that can be used for help or support

Term

resource

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a significant change or change in government Example: The ______ changed how people lived.

Term

revolution

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to make someone feel more confident or hopeful Example: Teachers ______ students to ask questions.

Term

encourage

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) related to the home or family Example: He prefers to stay in and enjoy ______ activities.

Term

domestic

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the style or way of designing buildings Example: The ______ of the museum is very modern.

Term

architecture

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Male Female