Master the Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic Reading Test 1 Passage 2 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic Reading Test 1 Passage 2
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sustainable
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(adj) /səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/
able to continue without causing harm to the environment
Example: They want to use sustainable methods in their farming.
bioenergy
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(n) /ˌbaɪ.oʊˈɛn.ər.dʒi/
energy obtained from organic materials, such as plants or waste
Example: The school used bioenergy to heat the building.
species
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(n) /ˈspiːʃiːz/
a group of living things that are similar and can breed together
Example: There are many species of birds in the park.
form
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(n) /fɔrm/
the shape or structure of something
Example: The form of the tree makes it look beautiful.
condition
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(n) /kənˈdɪʃ.ən/
the state or quality of something
Example: The condition of the tree was poor after the storm.
accessibility
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(n) /ækˈsɛsəˌbɪlɪti/
the quality of being easy to reach or use
Example: The accessibility of the park makes it a great place for everyone.
stem
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(n) /stɛm/
the main upright part of a plant or tree
Example: The stem of the tree is very strong.
trunk
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(n) /trʌŋk/
the main stem of a tree
Example: The trunk of the tree was very thick.
habitat
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(n) /ˈhæbɪˌtæt/
the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism
Example: The forest is a habitat for many animals.
timber
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(n) /ˈtɪm.bər/
wood used for building or making furniture
Example: The carpenter bought some timber to build a new table.
knot
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(n) /nɑt/
a loop of string, rope, or something similar that is tied tightly
Example: She made a knot in the rope.
high-grade
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(adj) /haɪ ɡreɪd/
of very good quality
Example: The furniture was made from high-grade materials.
legacy
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(n) /ˈlɛɡəsi/
something handed down from the past
Example: The old tree is a legacy from our grandparents.
abundant
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(adj) /əˈbʌndənt/
existing in large amounts
Example: There are abundant trees in the forest.
regeneration
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(n) /ˌriːdʒɛnəˈreɪʃən/
the process of growing again or being replaced
Example: The forest shows signs of regeneration after the fire.
vulnerable
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(adj) /ˈvʌlnərəbl/
able to be easily harmed or hurt
Example: The plant is vulnerable to frost.
combustion
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(n) /kəmˈbʌs.tʃən/
the process of burning something
Example: The combustion of wood produces heat.
boiler
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(n) /ˈbɔɪlər/
a container used for heating water or producing steam
Example: The school uses a wood boiler for heating.
facility
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(n) /fəˈsɪl.ɪ.ti/
a place, usually built, that is used for a specific purpose
Example: The school has a new facility for playing basketball.
gasify
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(v) /ˈɡæsɪfaɪ/
to convert a substance into gas
Example: They can gasify wood to make energy.
ethanol
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(n) /ˈɛθəˌnɔl/
a type of alcohol made from plants, used mainly as fuel or in beverages
Example: Ethanol is often added to gasoline for cars.
approach
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(n) /əˈproʊtʃ/
a way of doing something
Example: The team decided to try a new approach to solve the problem.
invasive
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(adj) /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/
tending to spread quickly and harmfully
Example: Invasive plants can take over a garden.
foliage
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(n) /ˈfoʊ.li.ɪdʒ/
the leaves of a plant or tree
Example: The garden was beautiful with colorful foliage in the fall.
crown
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(n) /kraʊn/
the top part of a tree where leaves and branches grow
Example: The crown of the tree was full of green leaves.
tailor
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(v) /ˈteɪlər/
to make or adapt something for a particular purpose or person
Example: The plan can be tailored to meet the needs of each student.
yield
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(v) /jiːld/
to give or produce something
Example: The plant will yield a lot of fruit this year.
salvage
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(n) /ˈsæl.vɪdʒ/
the act of saving something from being lost or damaged
Example: The team was able to salvage the old furniture from the house.
pest
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(n) /pɛst/
a small animal or insect that is harmful to plants or crops
Example: The gardener is looking for a way to get rid of the pest.
pathogen
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(n) /ˈpæθoʤən/
a small living organism that can cause disease
Example: The doctor explained that a pathogen can make people sick.
hemlock
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(n) /ˈhɛm.lɑk/
a type of poisonous tree
Example: The hemlock tree is known for its deadly properties.
adelgid
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(n) /ˈædəlˌdʒɪd/
a type of small insect that harms trees, especially hemlocks
Example: The adelgid is damaging the hemlock trees in the forest.
beetle
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(n) /ˈbiːtəl/
an insect with a hard shell-like back
Example: The beetle crawled slowly across the floor.
borer
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(n) /ˈbɔːrər/
a creature that damages trees, especially insects
Example: The emerald ash borer is harming many trees in the forest.
moth
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(n) /mɔθ/
a flying insect that is similar to a butterfly and comes out at night
Example: A moth flew around the porch light.
procedure
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(n) /prəˈsiː.dʒɚ/
a series of steps or actions taken to achieve something
Example: The scientist followed the procedure carefully.
vigorous
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(adj) /ˈvɪɡərəs/
energetic and strong
Example: The plants in the garden look vigorous and healthy.
outbreak
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(n) /ˈaʊtˌbreɪk/
a sudden occurrence of something, especially disease or trouble
Example: The outbreak of the disease worried the community.
shelterwood
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(n) /ˈʃɛltərˌwʊd/
a method of cutting trees to prepare the forest for new growth
Example: A shelterwood helps create space for young trees to grow.
mature
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(adj) /məˈtʃʊr/
fully developed or grown
Example: The forest is home to many mature trees.
thin
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(adj) /θɪn/
having a small distance between opposite sides; not thick
Example: She wore a thin jacket on the chilly day.
seedling
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(n) /ˈsiːd.lɪŋ/
a young plant that has grown from a seed
Example: The gardener planted a seedling in the soil.
forester
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(n) /ˈfɔr.ɪ.stɚ/
a person who takes care of forests
Example: The forester checks the health of the trees.
regenerate
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(v) /rɪˈdʒɛn.ə.reɪt/
to grow again or make something grow again
Example: The tree can regenerate after being cut down.
tier
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(n) /tɪr/
a level or layer in a structure or system
Example: The building has three different tiers for seating.
harvest
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(n) /ˈhɑrvɪst/
the act of gathering crops or other natural products
Example: The farmers celebrate the harvest every year.
prevention
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(n) /prɪˈvɛnʃən/
the action of stopping something from happening
Example: Fire prevention is important to protect the forest.
retention
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(n) /rɪˈtɛnʃən/
the act of keeping or holding something
Example: Retention of some low-use wood is good for the forest.
cavity
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(n) /ˈkæv.ɪ.ti/
a hole or empty space in a solid object
Example: The tooth had a cavity that needed to be filled.
predator
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(n) /ˈprɛdəˌtɔr/
an animal that hunts and eats other animals
Example: The lion is a powerful predator in the jungle.
resilience
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(n) /rɪˈzɪlɪəns/
the ability to recover quickly from difficulties
Example: The forest shows great resilience after the storm.
hawthorn
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(n) /ˈhɔːθɔrn/
a small tree or bush with thorny branches and white or pink flowers
Example: The hawthorn blooms beautifully in the spring.
structural
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(adj) /ˈstrʌk.tʃər.əl/
relating to the way that something is built or organized
Example: The garden has a strong structural design.
diversity
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(n) /daɪˈvɜːr.sɪ.ti/
the quality of being different or varied
Example: The park is known for its diversity of plants and animals.