Master the Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic Reading Test 4 Passage 1 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic Reading Test 4 Passage 1
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lush
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(adj) /lʌʃ/
having a lot of healthy and attractive plants
Example: The garden was filled with lush greenery.
foliage
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(n) /ˈfoʊliɪdʒ/
the leaves of a plant or tree
Example: The foliage on the trees changed colors in the fall.
mitigate
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(v) /ˈmɪtɪˌɡeɪt/
to make something less severe or serious
Example: We need to mitigate the effects of climate change.
habitat
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(n) /ˈhæbɪˌtæt/
the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism
Example: The forest is a habitat for many birds and animals.
tackle
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(v) /ˈtækəl/
to deal with a problem or difficult situation
Example: The team will tackle the project together.
monumental
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(adj) /ˌmɒn.jʊˈmen.təl/
very important or influential
Example: The monumental building took years to complete.
radical
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(adj) /ˈræd.ɪ.kəl/
relating to the most basic and important parts of something
Example: The radical changes in the city made it more beautiful.
crucial
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(adj) /ˈkruː.ʃəl/
very important or necessary
Example: City authorities play a crucial role in the project.
investigate
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(v) /ɪnˈvɛstəˌɡeɪt/
to try to find out the truth about something
Example: The team will investigate the cause of the problem.
variety
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(n) /vəˈraɪəti/
a number of different types or forms of something
Example: There is a great variety of fruits at the market.
relatively
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(adv) /ˈrɛlətɪvli/
in relation to something else; to a certain degree
Example: The new park is relatively bigger than the old one.
forward-thinking
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(adj) /ˈfɔr.wɚd.θɪŋ/
thinking about the future and planning for it
Example: The company has many forward-thinking ideas.
pave
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(v) /peɪv/
to create a flat surface, often with stones or concrete
Example: The workers will pave the new road next week.
showcase
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(v) /ˈʃoʊ.keɪs/
to show something in a way that makes it easy to see or understand
Example: The museum will showcase the new art exhibit next month.
integrate
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(v) /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪt/
to combine or bring together into a whole
Example: We will integrate the new features into the app.
sustainable
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(adj) /səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/
able to be maintained or continued over a long time without damaging the environment
Example: This method of farming is sustainable for the environment.
prescribe
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(v) /prɪˈskraɪb/
to say what should be done or to recommend something
Example: The doctor will prescribe a medicine for your cough.
anxiety
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(n) /æŋˈzaɪ.ə.ti/
a feeling of worry or nervousness
Example: She felt a lot of anxiety before the exam.
depression
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(n) /dɪˈprɛʃ.ən/
a medical condition of feeling very sad and unable to live a normal life
Example: She took time off work to deal with her depression.
dementia
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(n) /dɪˈmɛnʃə/
a disease that affects memory and thinking
Example: My grandmother has dementia and needs help with daily tasks.
obesity
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(n) /oʊˈbiːsəti/
a condition of being very overweight
Example: Eating healthy foods can help prevent obesity.
mainstream
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(adj) /ˈmeɪnˌstriːm/
common and accepted by most people
Example: Green roofs are now considered mainstream in many cities.
expansive
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(adj) /ɪkˈspæn.sɪv/
covering a large area; extensive
Example: The building has an expansive roof with many plants.
accessible
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(adj) /əkˈsɛsəbl/
able to be reached or used
Example: The park is accessible to everyone in the neighborhood.
array
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(n) /əˈreɪ/
a group or list of things
Example: The store has a wide array of fruits and vegetables.
require
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(v) /rɪˈkwaɪr/
to need something for a particular purpose
Example: The job will require special skills.
encourage
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(v) /ɪnˈkɜrɪdʒ/
to give someone support or confidence
Example: Teachers encourage students to learn new things.
distribute
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(v) /dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/
to give things out to several people or places
Example: The school will distribute the books to the students.
crucial
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(adj) /ˈkruːʃəl/
very important
Example: Teamwork is crucial for success.
edible
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(adj) /ˈɛd.ɪ.bəl/
safe to eat
Example: Some plants on the roof are edible.
retro-fit
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(v) /ˈrɛtroʊˌfɪt/
to modify something older to improve it or make it suitable for a new purpose
Example: They decided to retro-fit the old building with new energy-efficient windows.
norm
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(n) /nɔːrm/
a standard or typical pattern
Example: Having a garden is becoming the norm in many neighborhoods.
development
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(n) /dɪˈvɛl.əp.mənt/
the process of developing or improving something
Example: The city plans new development for parks and schools.
investor
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(n) /ɪnˈvɛstər/
a person or organization that puts money into something to make a profit
Example: The investor bought shares in the new green technology company.
acquire
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(v) /əˈkwaɪər/
to get or gain something
Example: You may need to acquire new skills for the job.
landscaping
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(n) /ˈlændˌskeɪpɪŋ/
the act of designing and creating gardens and outdoor spaces
Example: They hired a professional for landscaping their backyard.
volunteer
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(n) /ˌvɑːl.ənˈtɪr/
a person who offers to do something for free
Example: Many people volunteer to help at the local animal shelter.
consideration
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(n) /kənˌsɪd.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
something that you think about when you are making a decision
Example: Safety should be a key consideration when driving.
drainage
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(n) /ˈdreɪnɪdʒ/
the process of removing water from an area
Example: Good drainage helps prevent flooding in the streets.
restriction
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(n) /rɪˈstrɪkʃən/
a rule that limits what you can do
Example: There are restrictions on how many people can enter the building.
disruption
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(n) /dɪsˈrʌpʃən/
a situation where something is interrupted or stopped
Example: There was a disruption in the class when the fire alarm rang.
convince
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(v) /kənˈvɪns/
to make someone believe something is true or to persuade them to do something
Example: She tried to convince her friends to join the club.
worthwhile
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(adj) /ˈwɜrθˌwaɪl/
worth the time, money, or effort spent
Example: The project is worthwhile because it helps the environment.
natural capital
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(n) /ˈnæʧ.ər.əl ˈkæp.ɪ.təl/
the economic value of nature and natural resources
Example: Understanding natural capital is important for planning a sustainable future.
adapt
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(v) /əˈdæpt/
to change in order to fit a new situation
Example: Animals can adapt to their environment over time.
expertise
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(n) /ˌɛkspərˈtiːz/
the knowledge or skill in a particular area
Example: She has expertise in environmental science.
underpin
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(v) /ˌʌndərˈpɪn/
to support or strengthen something
Example: The new research can underpin the plan for more green spaces.
variation
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(n) /ˌvɛr.iˈeɪ.ʃən/
a change or difference in something
Example: There is a great variation in the types of plants that can grow on green roofs.
biodiversity
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(n) /ˌbaɪoʊˈdaɪvərsɪti/
the variety of different plants and animals in a particular area
Example: The park has a lot of biodiversity with many flowers and animals.
vibrant
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(adj) /ˈvaɪ.brənt/
full of energy and life
Example: The painting had vibrant colors that caught everyone's attention.
barrier
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(n) /ˈbæriər/
something that prevents progress or movement
Example: There are barriers to having more green roofs in cities.
replicate
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(v) /ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt/
to make or do something again in the same way
Example: The scientist wanted to replicate the experiment to see if the results were the same.
indication
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(n) /ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/
a sign or piece of information that shows something
Example: The indication of rain made us take an umbrella.
transform
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(v) /trænsˈfɔrm/
to change something completely
Example: The new plan can transform the city's parks.
function
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(n) /ˈfʌŋkʃən/
the purpose or activity of something
Example: The main function of a refrigerator is to keep food cold.
sustainable
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(adj) /səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl/
able to be continued without causing damage to the environment
Example: We need to find sustainable ways to live.