Master the Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic Reading Test 2 Passage 1 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic Reading Test 2 Passage 1
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industrial
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(adj) /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/
related to industry or manufacturing
Example: The city has many industrial buildings from the past.
revolution
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(n) /ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən/
a big change in the way something is done or thought about
Example: The revolution changed how people made things.
rural
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(adj) /ˈrʊr.əl/
relating to the countryside, not the city
Example: She grew up in a rural area with lots of farms.
agrarian
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(adj) /əˈɡrɛəriən/
relating to farming or rural life
Example: The agrarian culture is based on agriculture and farming.
urbanize
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(v) /ˈɜr.bən.aɪz/
to make an area more like a city
Example: Many rural areas began to urbanize during the Industrial Revolution.
craft
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(n) /kræft/
a skill in making things by hand
Example: She learned her craft from her grandmother.
manufacture
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(v) /ˌmæn.jəˈfæk.tʃər/
to make goods in large amounts using machines
Example: Many companies manufacture cars and trucks.
invention
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(n) /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/
something that is made for the first time
Example: The invention of the telephone changed communication.
textile
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(n) /ˈtɛkstaɪl/
a type of fabric or cloth
Example: She bought a beautiful textile for the new curtains.
atmospheric
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(adj) /ˌæt.məˈsfer.ɪk/
related to the atmosphere of the Earth
Example: The atmospheric pressure changes with altitude.
efficient
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(adj) /ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/
doing something in a way that saves time and energy
Example: The new machine is more efficient than the old one.
adapt
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(v) /əˈdæpt/
to change to fit a new situation or condition
Example: She needed to adapt to the new school.
piston
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(n) /ˈpɪstən/
a metal rod that moves up and down inside a machine
Example: The engine works because the piston moves quickly.
mechanism
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(n) /ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm/
a system or process for achieving a goal
Example: The mechanism of the clock is very complex.
rotary
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(adj) /ˈroʊtəri/
relating to a mechanism that moves in a circular motion
Example: The rotary engine works by turning in circles.
innovation
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(n) /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/
a new idea or way of doing something
Example: The company is known for its innovation in technology.
locomotive
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(n) /ˌloʊ.kəˈmoʊ.tɪv/
a vehicle that pulls trains
Example: The locomotive pulled many cars behind it.
transport
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(v) /ˈtrænspɔrt/
to carry people or goods from one place to another
Example: The trucks transport food to the stores.
canal
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(n) /kəˈnæl/
a long, narrow waterway made for boats or for irrigation
Example: The boat floated gently down the canal.
cottage
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(n) /ˈkɑː.tɪdʒ/
a small, simple house, usually in the countryside
Example: They spent the weekend in a lovely cottage near the lake.
spinner
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(n) /ˈspɪn.ər/
a person or machine that spins fibers into thread or yarn
Example: The spinner made beautiful yarn from the wool.
weaver
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(n) /ˈwiːvər/
a person who makes cloth by weaving threads together
Example: A skilled weaver created a beautiful tapestry.
dyer
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(n) /ˈdaɪər/
a person who colors fabrics or materials
Example: The dyer used bright colors to make the cloth beautiful.
loom
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(n) /luːm/
a machine for weaving cloth
Example: The factory uses a power loom to produce textiles quickly.
mechanize
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(v) /ˈmɛkənaɪz/
to use machines to do work instead of people
Example: Factories mechanize the production of goods.
smelt
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(v) /smɛlt/
to heat a substance until it becomes liquid
Example: They will smelt the metal to make new tools.
ore
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(n) /ɔr/
a type of rock that contains metal or minerals
Example: The miners found ore in the deep tunnel.
coke
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(n) /koʊk/
a material made by heating coal, used in making iron and steel
Example: The factory uses coke to produce metal.
charcoal
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(n) /ˈtʃɑːr.koʊl/
a black material made from burning wood in a way that doesn't let it get enough air
Example: He used charcoal to draw a picture.
expand
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(v) /ɪkˈspænd/
to make something larger or more extensive
Example: The company plans to expand its operations next year.
telegraph
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(n) /ˈtɛlɪˌɡræf/
a system used to send messages over long distances using electrical signals
Example: The telegraph changed how people communicated with each other.
patent
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(n) /ˈpætənt/
a special right given by the government to make, use, or sell an invention for a certain number of years
Example: He applied for a patent for his new invention.
commercial
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(adj) /kəˈmɜrʃl/
related to buying and selling goods
Example: The store offers many commercial products.
signalling
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(n) /ˈsɪɡ.nəlɪŋ/
the act of showing or indicating something, especially by a sign
Example: The signalling helped the trains know when to stop.
collision
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(n) /kəˈlɪʒ.ən/
an event where two or more things hit each other with force
Example: There was a collision between two cars on the street.
immense
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(adj) /ɪˈmɛns/
very large in size or amount
Example: The impact of the Industrial Revolution on people's lives was immense.
accelerate
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(v) /əkˈsɛləreɪt/
to increase speed
Example: The car can accelerate quickly on the highway.
urbanization
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(n) /ˌɜr.bən.ɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
the process of making an area more urban or city-like
Example: Urbanization changed the countryside into a busy city.
inadequate
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(adj) /ɪˈnædɪkwət/
not enough or not good enough
Example: The school had inadequate resources for the students.
sanitation
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(n) /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən/
the process of keeping places clean and healthy
Example: Good sanitation is important to stay healthy.
industrialization
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(n) /ɪnˌdʌs.tri.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/
the process of developing industries in a country or region
Example: Industrialization changed how people lived and worked.
output
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(n) /ˈaʊtˌpʊt/
the amount of something produced
Example: The factory increased its output to meet demand.
fuel
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(n) /fjul/
a material that is burned to produce energy or power
Example: Cars need fuel to run.
opposition
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(n) /ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃən/
a disagreement or opposition to something
Example: There was strong opposition to the new rules.
livelihood
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(n) /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/
the way a person makes the money they need to live
Example: She works hard to provide for her family's livelihood.
desperate
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(adj) /ˈdɛspərɪt/
having a very strong feeling of needing something
Example: The girl was desperate to find her missing cat.
apprentice
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(n) /əˈprɛntɪs/
a person who is learning a trade from a skilled employer
Example: The apprentice learns from the master craftsman.
gunfire
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(n) /ˈɡʌnˌfaɪər/
the noise made by guns firing
Example: We heard gunfire during the conflict.
uprising
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(n) /ˈʌpˌraɪ.zɪŋ/
a situation in which a group of people tries to fight against a government or authority
Example: The people held an uprising to demand their rights.
punishable
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(adj) /ˈpʌnɪʃəbl/
capable of being punished for a crime or wrongdoing
Example: Breaking the law is punishable.
unrest
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(n) /ʌnˈrɛst/
a situation in which people are angry or upset and often behave violently
Example: The community showed unrest after the announcement.
peak
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(n) /piːk/
the highest point or level of something
Example: The mountain's peak was covered in snow.
resistance
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(n) /rɪˈzɪstəns/
the act of fighting against something
Example: The resistance to the new machines was very strong.
vanish
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(v) /ˈvænɪʃ/
to disappear suddenly
Example: The magician made the rabbit vanish.
transformation
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(n) /ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən/
a change in form or appearance
Example: The caterpillar's transformation into a butterfly is amazing.
innovation
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(n) /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/
a new idea, method, or product
Example: The company introduced an exciting innovation this year.
foundation
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(n) /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/
the base or groundwork for something
Example: The foundation of the house is very strong.
adapt
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(v) /əˈdæpt/
to change in order to fit a new situation
Example: Animals can adapt to different climates.
expand
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(v) /ɪkˈspænd/
to make something larger or to increase in size
Example: We need to expand the garden to grow more vegetables.
impact
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(n) /ˈɪmpækt/
the effect or influence of one thing on another
Example: The impact of the storm was felt across the region.
overcrowd
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(v) /ˌoʊvərˈkraʊd/
to fill a place with too many people
Example: The stadium can easily overcrowd when there is a big game.
Daily I try to complete at least 1 flashcard because that is very helpful to me to improve my vocabulary and reading comprehension.
the good thing flashcard daily I learn new words with English meanings, and there is no need to translate the words by native language, which helps me to think in English. the second thing, the way of learning, is very smart and encouraging me to improve my language v