Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic Reading Test 3 Passage 2

Definition

(n) an area of land that is covered with water Example: We saw many birds at the ______ near our home.

Term

wetland

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Definition

(n) a community of living things and their environment Example: The ______ is full of plants and animals.

Term

ecosystem

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Definition

(adj) made of many parts; difficult to understand Example: The problem is too ______ for me to solve.

Term

complex

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Definition

(v) to stop being visible or to no longer exist Example: The magician made the rabbit ______.

Term

disappear

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Definition

(v) to change something into a different form or purpose Example: We can ______ this old barn into a cozy house.

Term

convert

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Definition

(v) to completely ruin or eliminate something Example: The storm can ______ many homes.

Term

destroy

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Definition

(adj) related to business or making money Example: The new mall will bring ______ activities to the area.

Term

commercial

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the process of removing water from an area Example: The ______ helps prevent flooding in the fields.

Term

drainage

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a plan or system for doing something Example: The school has a new ______ for helping students learn.

Term

scheme

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Definition

(n) the process of removing something from a larger amount or system Example: The ______ of minerals can harm the environment.

Term

extraction

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a solid substance found in nature that is not animal or vegetable Example: Quartz is a common ______ used in many products.

Term

mineral

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Definition

(n) a type of soil made from decayed plants, found in wetlands Example: The farmer used ______ to improve the soil for his garden.

Term

peat

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to continue to exist, especially after other things have gone or been dealt with Example: Some animals ______ in wetlands after they are damaged.

Term

remain

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Male Female

Definition

(n) harm or injury to something or someone Example: The storm caused a lot of ______ to the houses.

Term

damage

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a chemical used to kill pests, especially insects Example: Farmers use ______ to protect their crops.

Term

pesticide

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a substance added to soil to help plants grow Example: Farmers use ______ to help their crops grow better.

Term

fertilizer

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a substance that makes something dirty or harmful

Term

pollutant

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Definition

(adj) able to produce a lot of plants or crops Example: The farmer has ______ land for growing vegetables.

Term

fertile

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) large enough to be important or noticeable Example: There is ______ interest in the new project.

Term

considerable

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) related to the study of ancient societies and their cultures through their remains Example: The ______ site was filled with old artifacts.

Term

archaeological

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a way of earning money to live Example: Many people rely on fishing for their ______.

Term

livelihood

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a scientist who studies water and how it affects the environment Example: The ______ analyzed the water sources for the new park.

Term

hydrologist

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to make something less severe or harmful Example: The government wants to ______ the effects of climate change.

Term

mitigate

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Male Female

Definition

(n) something that protects or shields from something else Example: The walls serve as a ______ against the cold wind.

Term

buffer

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) very great in degree or intensity Example: The weather was ______ during the storm.

Term

extreme

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a large storm with strong winds and heavy rain Example: The ______ caused a lot of damage to the houses.

Term

hurricane

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to put a plan or system into operation Example: We need to ______ new rules at school.

Term

implement

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a product that can be sold or traded Example: Oil is a valuable ______ for many countries.

Term

commodity

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a type of vegetable oil made from the fruit of oil palm trees Example: Many products in the store contain ______.

Term

palm oil

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Male Female

Definition

(n) wood that is prepared to make paper or other products Example: The factory uses ______ to produce paper.

Term

pulpwood

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Male Female

Definition

(n) wetlands that have a waterlogged organic soil layer Example: ______ is important for storing carbon.

Term

peatland

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) soaked or filled with water

Term

waterlog

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) related to or derived from living matter Example: She prefers ______ vegetables for her meals.

Term

organic

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to remove water from something Example: They need to ______ the pool before cleaning it.

Term

drain

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the act of growing plants or crops Example: The farmer focuses on the ______ of vegetables.

Term

cultivation

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Male Female

Definition

(n) something that sends out energy, light, or particles Example: The ______ helped the device work correctly.

Term

emitter

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the act of removing something or the amount that can be removed Example: The ______ of trees makes space for new buildings.

Term

clearance

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat Example: ______ helps keep ecosystems healthy.

Term

biodiversity

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the money that a business makes from selling goods or services Example: The company's ______ increased this year.

Term

revenue

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the process of cutting down trees to collect wood Example: The ______ near the river is causing trouble for the animals.

Term

logging

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a long, narrow hole dug in the ground Example: They dug a ______ to help with the water flow.

Term

ditch

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a low land that is very wet or full of water Example: The animals live in a ______ filled with plants.

Term

swamp

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Male Female

Definition

(n) very small living things that can only be seen through a microscope Example: ______ are everywhere, even on your skin.

Term

bacteria

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a type of living organism that includes mushrooms and molds Example: ______ play an important role in breaking down dead plants.

Term

fungi

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a colorless gas that is a main component of natural gas and is made when organic matter decays Example: ______ is produced by cows and other livestock.

Term

methane

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the process of land sinking or lowering Example: The city is facing problems with ______ as the ground keeps sinking.

Term

subsidence

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to be made up of or consist of something Example: A book can ______ many chapters.

Term

comprise

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) causing worry or fear Example: The news about the forest fire is ______.

Term

alarming

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a result or effect of something Example: The ______ of skipping breakfast is feeling hungry later.

Term

consequence

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a sudden and terrible event that causes great damage or suffering Example: The earthquake was a huge ______ for the city.

Term

catastrophe

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Male Female

Definition

(n) an area or region that is part of a country Example: The ______ has many beautiful parks.

Term

province

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Male Female

Definition

(n) a large area of land Example: The country has a vast ______ that is mostly uninhabited.

Term

landmass

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Male Female

Definition

(n) small particles of soil, sand, and minerals that settle at the bottom of a liquid Example: The river carried ______ down to the ocean.

Term

sediment

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Male Female

Definition

(n) water that flows away from an area, often after rain Example: The heavy rain caused a lot of ______ in the streets.

Term

run-off

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the act of taking too much water from a source Example: ______ can lead to water shortages in the area.

Term

over-extraction

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) causing a lot of damage or destruction Example: The hurricane had a ______ effect on the coastal town.

Term

devastating

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) not very noticeable or obvious Example: The changes in the environment can have ______ effects.

Term

subtle

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the effect or influence of one thing on another Example: The ______ of pollution is seen in the water quality.

Term

impact

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) done on purpose or intentionally Example: The damage was not an accident; it was ______.

Term

deliberate

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Male Female

Definition

(v) to recognize or accept that something is true Example: She will ______ his hard work in the project.

Term

acknowledge

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the ability to continue without harming the environment Example: The community works hard to promote ______.

Term

sustainability

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the act of bringing something back to its original state Example: The ______ of the old park was completed in the spring.

Term

restoration

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Male Female

Definition

(n) the process of something becoming worse or damaged Example: The water pollution caused the ______ of the river.

Term

degradation

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Male Female

Definition

(adj) hoping for the best outcome; confident about the future Example: She is always ______ about her chances of winning.

Term

optimistic

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Male Female

Definition

(n) an effect or influence that something has on a person or thing Example: My ______ of the movie was very positive.

Term

impression

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Male Female