Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic Reading Test 4 Passage 1

Definition

(n) a person who wants to protect the environment and wildlife Example: The ______ works to save endangered animals.

Term

conservationist

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Definition

(v) to become less in amount, importance, or strength Example: The number of butterflies has begun to ______.

Term

decline

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Definition

(adj) not able to be predicted; uncertain Example: The weather can be ______ in spring.

Term

unpredictable

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Definition

(n) an indirect or secondary effect that results from an action Example: The new law will have ______ effects on many businesses.

Term

knock-on

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Definition

(n) a community of living things and their environment Example: The forest is a rich ______ with many plants and animals.

Term

ecosystem

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Definition

(n) a young form of a butterfly, usually green or brown, that eats leaves Example: The ______ crawled slowly on the leaf.

Term

caterpillar

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Definition

(n) the series of stages in the life of an animal or plant Example: A caterpillar's ______ includes becoming a butterfly.

Term

lifecycle

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Definition

(v) to eat or use up a resource Example: Caterpillars ______ a lot of leaves.

Term

consume

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Definition

(adj) very large in size, amount, or degree Example: The ocean is ______ and full of mysteries.

Term

vast

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Definition

(n) an animal that is hunted or eaten by another animal Example: In the forest, small birds are often ______ for larger birds.

Term

prey

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Definition

(n) an animal that has hair or fur and produces milk for its young Example: A dog is a ______.

Term

mammal

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Definition

(v) to equip or provide with something Example: He wants to ______ himself with knowledge before making a decision.

Term

arm

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Definition

(v) to stop or cause to stop Example: The teacher told the students to ______ their talking.

Term

halt

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Definition

(v) to change something to be the opposite of what it was Example: The team needs to ______ their last decision.

Term

reverse

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Definition

(v) to make a new copy or form of something Example: Some animals ______ in spring.

Term

reproduce

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Definition

(n) the study of the timing of natural events in relation to climate Example: Scientists study ______ to understand how plants and animals respond to changing temperatures.

Term

phenology

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Definition

(v) to move forward or make progress Example: Plants ______ in the spring when it gets warmer.

Term

advance

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Definition

(n) the degree to which something happens or is true Example: The project was successful to a great ______.

Term

extent

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Definition

(v) to change something slightly to make it better or more correct Example: You need to ______ the picture so it looks right.

Term

adjust

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Definition

(n) the number of people or animals in a certain area Example: The ______ of the city has grown steadily.

Term

population

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Definition

(n) mental or emotional strain or tension Example: He felt a lot of ______ before the exam.

Term

stress

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Definition

(adv) in a way that shows reluctance or lack of willingness Example: He accepted the change ______.

Term

unwillingly

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Definition

(adj) not natural; artificial or unusual Example: The sudden change in temperature felt ______ for the season.

Term

unnatural

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Definition

(v) to try to find or get something

Term

seek

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Definition

(v) to combine or gather information or resources for a purpose

Term

pull together

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Definition

(v) to give something for someone to consider or decide Example: Students must ______ their assignments on time.

Term

submit

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Definition

(n) a person who is very interested in a particular subject Example: The ______ shares his knowledge about butterflies.

Term

enthusiast

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Definition

(n) a large quantity of something Example: There was an ______ of flowers in the garden.

Term

abundance

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Definition

(n) the way things are spread out or arranged Example: The ______ of butterflies changes with the seasons.

Term

distribution

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Definition

(adj) very important or necessary Example: It is ______ to save the butterflies.

Term

crucial

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Definition

(adj) not obvious or easy to notice Example: The artist made ______ changes to the painting.

Term

subtle

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Definition

(v) to come out or appear from somewhere Example: The sun will ______ from behind the clouds.

Term

emerge

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Definition

(v) to examine something carefully Example: We need to ______ the results of the test.

Term

analyze

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Definition

(n) a general direction in which something is developing or changing Example: The ______ of more people using bicycles is good for the environment.

Term

trend

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Definition

(n) something that can change or be changed Example: Weather is a ______ that affects how we dress.

Term

variable

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Definition

(v) to find out something that was not known before Example: They ______ new things in science every day.

Term

discover

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Definition

(adj) able to change or be changed easily Example: The schedule is ______, so we can meet any time.

Term

flexible

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Definition

(n) an advantage or good result

Term

benefit

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Definition

(adj) delicate and attractive; small and pretty Example: The ______ flower bloomed in the garden.

Term

dainty

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Definition

(n) a group of animals or plants of the same kind living in the same area Example: The ______ of ants worked together to build their home.

Term

colony

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Definition

(n) a series of events that happen repeatedly in the same order Example: The seasons follow a ______ every year.

Term

cycle

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Definition

(v) to limit or control something Example: They ______ access to the building for safety.

Term

restrict

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Definition

(adv) in a way that causes worry or concern Example: The weather is ______ unpredictable lately.

Term

worryingly

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Definition

(v) to become an expert in a particular area Example: Some scientists ______ in studying butterflies.

Term

specialize

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Definition

(n) the natural home of an animal or plant Example: The forest is a ______ for many animals.

Term

habitat

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Definition

(n) the kinds of food that a person, animal, or community usually eats Example: A healthy ______ includes fruits and vegetables.

Term

diet

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Definition

(v) to cause damage or injury to someone or something Example: We must find ways to protect nature and not ______ it.

Term

harm

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Definition

(v) to put something or someone at risk of harm or danger Example: Pollution can ______ the lives of many animals.

Term

endanger

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Definition

(n) a wooded area where trees are cut back to encourage new growth Example: The small animals like to play in the ______.

Term

coppice

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Definition

(n) a forest area with many trees and plants Example: The children played in the ______ behind their house.

Term

woodland

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Definition

(n) a type of rock that is made of calcium carbonate, often used in building and industry Example: ______ is used to make cement.

Term

limestone

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Definition

(n) the surface of a road, path, or area outside a building that is made of stone, concrete, or another hard material Example: The children played on the ______ outside their house.

Term

pavement

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Definition

(n) a loss of power, success, or position Example: The ______ of the company was sudden and surprising.

Term

downfall

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Definition

(v) to take something out or remove it from a larger whole Example: We need to ______ information from the documents.

Term

extract

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Definition

(adj) large enough to be important or noticeable Example: There was a ______ amount of food at the party.

Term

considerable

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Definition

(adv) only and nothing else Example: She studies ______ the behavior of butterflies.

Term

solely

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Definition

(n) a flowering plant with sweet-smelling flowers that attract insects Example: The garden has beautiful ______ along the fence.

Term

honeysuckle

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