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Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic Reading Test 4 Passage 2

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Definition

(adj) able to cause disease Example: The ______ bacteria can make people sick.

Term

pathogenic

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Definition

(n) a medicine that helps to kill bacteria and treat infections Example: The doctor prescribed an ______ for her infection.

Term

antibiotic

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Definition

(adj) not easily affected or harmed by something Example: The plant is ______ to drought.

Term

resistant

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Definition

(n) a type of bacteria that cannot be killed by most medicines

Term

superbug

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Definition

(n) an important development or achievement Example: The scientist made a ______ in his research.

Term

breakthrough

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Definition

(n) the act of searching for valuable resources Example: The scientists are excited about ______ for new medicines in the ocean.

Term

prospecting

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Definition

(v) to use something in a way that helps you unfairly Example: They want to ______ the minerals in the deep sea.

Term

exploit

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Definition

(adj) having a chemical effect on living things Example: The scientists studied ______ compounds for new medicine.

Term

bioactive

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Definition

(n) the ability to be maintained or continued without causing harm to the environment Example: We need to focus on ______ for our planet's future.

Term

sustainability

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Definition

(n) a scientist who studies oceans Example: The ______ studied the marine life in the deep sea.

Term

oceanographer

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Definition

(adv) from a distance Example: We can control the machine ______.

Term

remotely

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Definition

(n) a very deep hole or pool Example: The explorer discovered an ______ while diving in the ocean.

Term

abyss

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Definition

(n) a type of coin worth five cents in the US Example: He found a ______ on the ground.

Term

nickel

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Definition

(n) a hard, blue-gray metal used in batteries and other products Example: ______ is essential for making batteries.

Term

cobalt

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Definition

(n) metals that are rare and have special properties, used in electronics and other technologies Example: The company is searching for ______ to make better batteries.

Term

rare earth

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Definition

(v) to make or become more varied Example: They want to ______ their products to reach more customers.

Term

diversify

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Definition

(n) a light, silver-colored metal used for making things Example: The can is made of ______.

Term

aluminum

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Definition

(v) to fly high in the air Example: The eagle can ______ above the mountains.

Term

soar

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Definition

(v) to produce or provide something Example: The new mine could ______ a lot of minerals.

Term

yield

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Definition

(v) to remove earth or rock from a place to make a hole Example: They will ______ the ground to find buried treasures.

Term

excavate

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Definition

(n) a thick liquid made of solid particles mixed with a liquid Example: They used a ______ to help with the construction project.

Term

slurry

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Definition

(v) to remove water from something Example: We need to ______ the slurry before shipping it.

Term

de-water

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Definition

(v) to remove something from a place or to let something flow out Example: The factory will ______ waste into the river.

Term

discharge

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Definition

(n) a consequence or result of an action or decision

Term

ramification

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Definition

(adj) related to rules or laws that control something Example: The company must follow ______ guidelines.

Term

regulatory

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Definition

(n) a basic structure that supports something or helps to organize it Example: The teacher provided a ______ for our project.

Term

framework

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Definition

(n) carefulness to avoid danger or problems Example: They drive with ______ in bad weather.

Term

caution

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Definition

(v) to move or act quickly and with difficulty Example: They ______ to get their things before the rain starts.

Term

scramble

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Definition

(v) to ignore something or treat it as unimportant Example: Some people ______ the dangers of deep-sea mining.

Term

disregard

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Definition

(n) the process of making a group or idea less important Example: The ______ of local communities can lead to many social problems.

Term

marginalization

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Definition

(adj) belonging to a particular place or region; native Example: The ______ people have unique traditions and cultures.

Term

indigenous

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Definition

(n) the floor of the ocean Example: The fish swim close to the ______.

Term

seabed

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Definition

(adj) related to hot water, especially from the Earth's crust Example: The scientists studied the ______ vents in the ocean.

Term

hydrothermal

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Definition

(n) an opening that allows air, gas, or liquid to go in and out Example: The room has a small ______ near the ceiling.

Term

vent

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Definition

(n) hot liquid rock found beneath the earth's surface Example: ______ can cause volcanic eruptions when it reaches the surface.

Term

magma

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Definition

(n) the variety of plant and animal life in a particular habitat Example: ______ is important for a healthy environment.

Term

biodiversity

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Definition

(n) a type of sea animal with a hard shell, like crabs and lobsters Example: The aquarium has many kinds of ______.

Term

crustacean

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Definition

(n) a type of worm that lives in tubes on the ocean floor

Term

tubeworm

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Definition

(n) a type of sea animal that looks like a flower and lives in the ocean Example: The ______ swayed gently with the water currents.

Term

anemone

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Definition

(n) a cloud of smoke or dust Example: The ______ of smoke rose high into the sky.

Term

plume

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Definition

(adj) serious and important Example: The doctor said the patient's condition is ______.

Term

grave

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Definition

(n) the process of taking something out Example: The ______ of minerals from the sea can be harmful.

Term

extraction

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Definition

(v) to reduce something by using it up Example: The team is worried about the ______ resources in the area.

Term

depleting

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Definition

(adj) not developed or used yet Example: There is ______ potential in the new technology.

Term

untapped

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Definition

(n) the possibility for something to happen or be developed Example: The student has a lot of ______ in art.

Term

potential

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Definition

(n) a community of living things and their environment Example: The rainforest is a rich ______ with many animals and plants.

Term

ecosystem

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Definition

(adj) very different, unusual, or interesting Example: The zoo has ______ animals from distant countries.

Term

exotic

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Definition

(v) to cause something unpleasant or painful to happen Example: The storm could ______ damage on the buildings.

Term

inflict

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Definition

(n) a violent attack Example: The police are investigating the ______ that happened last night.

Term

assault

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Definition

(adj) not allowed to be used or entered Example: The playground was ______ to adults.

Term

off-limits

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Definition

(n) the use of living things, like cells and bacteria, to make products or solve problems Example: Scientists are studying ______ to improve medicine.