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Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic Reading Test 4 Passage 3

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Definition

(adj) willing to give time and energy to help others; not selfish Example: She is very ______ and always helps her friends.

Term

unselfish

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Definition

(adj) thinking only about yourself and not about others Example: He is often considered ______ because he only cares about his own needs.

Term

self-centred

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Definition

(n) something that is accepted as true without proof Example: The teacher's explanation was based on a common ______.

Term

assumption

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Definition

(adv) in a basic or important way Example: The animals are ______ friendly to humans.

Term

essentially

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Definition

(adj) having no pity or compassion for others Example: The business was known for its ______ competition.

Term

ruthless

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Definition

(n) a sudden strong desire to do something Example: She had an ______ to buy the pretty dress.

Term

impulse

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Definition

(v) to gather or collect things over time Example: He likes to ______ coins from different countries.

Term

accumulate

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Definition

(adj) hidden or secret Example: He had an ______ plan for the project.

Term

ulterior

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Definition

(n) a reason for doing something Example: Her ______ for helping was kindness.

Term

motive

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Definition

(v) to go beyond the limits of something Example: She wants to ______ her fears and try new things.

Term

transcend

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Definition

(adj) existing from birth, or not learned Example: Humans have ______ kindness towards others.

Term

innate

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Definition

(adj) not hopeful or encouraging; cold and wintry Example: The weather today is ______ and gray.

Term

bleak

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Definition

(n) the ideas and beliefs that are important to a group or culture Example: The community's ______ encourages kindness and cooperation.

Term

ethos

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Definition

(adj) common or widespread Example: In the past, cooperation was ______ among early humans.

Term

prevalent

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Definition

(adj) relating to the process of gradual change and development Example: The scientist studied ______ changes in different species.

Term

evolutionary

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Definition

(n) the study of the mind and behavior Example: She wants to study ______ in college.

Term

psychology

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Definition

(v) to form ideas or theories about something Example: The scientist ______ about the origins of the universe.

Term

theorise

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Definition

(n) a quality or characteristic of a person Example: My friend has a kind ______.

Term

trait

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Definition

(adj) relating to the time before written history Example: The museum has many ______ artifacts.

Term

prehistoric

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Definition

(n) the surrounding conditions or influences affecting someone or something Example: The trees improve the ______ around the house.

Term

environment

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Definition

(n) the quality of being adapted or suitable for a particular environment or situation Example: The ______ of the animals helped them survive in the harsh climate.

Term

adaptedness

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Definition

(adj) very strong or extreme Example: The sun was ______ on the hottest day of summer.

Term

intense

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Definition

(adj) very violent or cruel Example: The movie had a ______ scene that shocked everyone.

Term

brutal

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Definition

(n) angry or violent behavior toward someone Example: His ______ surprised everyone at the meeting.

Term

aggression

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Definition

(n) a person or group competing with another for the same thing

Term

rival

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Definition

(n) the belief that some races are better than others, leading to discrimination and prejudice Example: ______ is a serious problem in many countries.

Term

racism

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Definition

(n) the act of fighting in a war Example: ______ can cause many problems for countries.

Term

warfare

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Definition

(adj) related to clear, sound reasoning Example: It is ______ to save money for emergencies.

Term

logical

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Definition

(adj) feeling or showing a hopeless desire or need Example: She was in a ______ situation and needed help.

Term

desperate

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Definition

(adv) in a way that is not crowded or populated Example: The town is ______ populated, with many empty houses.

Term

sparsely

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Definition

(adj) having people living in an area Example: The city is densely ______ with many buildings.

Term

populated

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Definition

(v) to make a guess about the amount, size, or value of something Example: I ______ that it will take an hour to finish the work.

Term

estimate

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Definition

(n) a member of a society that hunts animals and gathers plants for food Example: A ______ collects food from the forest.

Term

hunter-gatherer

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Definition

(n) the amount of mass in a given volume Example: The ______ of the water helps boats float.

Term

density

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Definition

(n) an idea or belief about something Example: Her ______ of friendship is very important to her.

Term

notion

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Definition

(adj) existing or happening now or in the same period of time Example: She enjoys reading ______ books.

Term

contemporary

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Definition

(n) a scientist who studies human societies and cultures Example: The ______ studied the traditions of the tribe.

Term

anthropologist

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Definition

(v) to describe the distinctive qualities of someone or something Example: The teacher will ______ the main theme of the story.

Term

characterize

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Definition

(adj) believing that everyone should have equal rights and opportunities Example: The group promotes ______ values in their community.

Term

egalitarian

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Definition

(adj) relating to what is morally right or wrong Example: It is important to make ______ choices in life.

Term

ethical

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Definition

(n) a duty or responsibility to do something Example: He has an ______ to help his family.

Term

obligation

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Definition

(n) a difference or inequality in something Example: There is a large ______ between rich and poor.

Term

disparity

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Definition

(n) the position or condition of a person or thing Example: His ______ as a leader helped him make important decisions.

Term

status

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Definition

(n) praise or approval Example: The movie received great ______ from critics.

Term

acclaim

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Definition

(adj) aggressively controlling or overpowering Example: A ______ person often tries to control others.

Term

domineering

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Definition

(v) to exclude someone from a group or society

Term

ostracize

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Definition

(n) the state of being forced to leave your country or home Example: He lived in ______ for many years.

Term

exile

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Definition

(n) a person who commits a crime or an illegal act Example: The police arrested the ______ last night.

Term

offender

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Definition

(n) the ability to make your own choices and decisions Example: Women have a high level of ______ in their lives.

Term

autonomy

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Definition

(n) the state of being kept in a safe place, especially regarding children and their care Example: The mother has ______ of her children.

Term

custody

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Definition

(n) the practice of farming and growing food Example: ______ is important for providing food to everyone.

Term

agriculture

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Definition

(adj) fixed or established, especially in a lifestyle or way of living Example: They moved into a ______ community after many years of traveling.

Term

settled

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Definition

(adj) existing from birth; not learned or acquired Example: Some people believe that kindness is an ______ quality.

Term

innate

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Definition

(n) the act of working together Example: The team showed great ______ during the project.

Term

cooperation

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Definition

(n) the belief in or practice of selfless concern for the well-being of others Example: ______ is important in making our community better.

Term

altruism

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Definition

(n) the state of being calm and quiet Example: The garden was a place of ______.

Term

peacefulness

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Definition

(adj) common or widespread in a particular area or at a particular time Example: In the city, cars are ______ on the roads.

Term

prevalent

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Definition

(adv) used to say that something is likely to be true based on what is known Example: She is ______ going to the party tonight.

Term

presumably

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Definition

(n) a type of animal that is part of the group that includes humans, monkeys, and apes Example: The monkey is a ______ that lives in the trees.

Term

primate

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Definition

(v) to interrupt or break the normal progress of something Example: The loud noise can ______ our conversation.

Term

disrupt

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Definition

(adj) arranged in a ranked order, like a ladder Example: The organization has a ______ structure.

Term

hierarchical

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Definition

(n) the arrival of something important Example: The ______ of the internet changed how we communicate.

Term

advent

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Definition

(adj) possible to do; capable of being achieved Example: The plan is ______ and we can start working on it.

Term

feasible

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Master the Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic Reading Test 4 Passage 3 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.

1 comment on “Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic Reading Test 4 Passage 3”

NUMAN AHMOD says:

March 16, 2026 at 1:05 am

Done by reading

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