The diagram below illustrates the process of making ethanol as biofuel. Overall, there are nine steps started with absorbing the energy to carbon dioxide emission from vehicles back to the nature with big two processes, which are pre-processing and processing.
Initially, the process begins when plants and trees absorb energy from sunlight or photosynthesis system along with carbon dioxide to facilitate their growth. Once the plants and trees are fully grown, they are harvested using agricultural machinery, such as tractors. After this step, the harvested materials are distributed by truck to a facility for the pre-processing stage. During this specific phase, the raw plant material is treated to produce cellulose.
In the next major phase, the extracted cellulose is transferred to a laboratorium to begin the second major phase, known as processing. In this stage, the cellulose undergoes a transformation process that converts it directly into sugars. Following this, microbes are introduced to these sugars to trigger a biological reaction. This microbial action successfully produces the final liquid biofuel, which is known as ethanol. The ethanol is then widely distributed and utilized as a power source for various forms of transportation, including cars, trucks, and airplanes. At the end, as these vehicles burn the fuel, they release carbon dioxide back into the air, which is then reabsorbed by plants to start the cycle all over again.