The given diagram delineates how a rain-shadow desert is formed.
Overall, the formation involves 7 consecutive stages in total, beginning with the approach of the winds to the coast and ending with the dry winds reaching the inland areas. During these periods, the winds are pushed upwards, cooled, and converted into clouds before arriving at the inland areas.
In the initial stages, the winds from the sea start to approach the coast, where they are then pushed upwards on the mountains’ slope. As this moist air ascends to higher altitudes, it cools down, leading to the formation of clouds specifically on the windward side of the mountains.
At the remaining stages, after the clouds produce rainfall, the now dry air passes over the mountain peak and continues descending along the leeward side, becoming dry winds. Finally, these winds reach the inland areas where a rain-shadow desert is formed, spanning a distance of thousands of kilometers.