Band 9: The diagrams below show how chocolate is made and how the price of a chocolate bar is divided up among those involved in the process. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The diagrams illustrate how chocolate is made and how the price of a chocolate bar is divided among different sectors.

Overall, chocolate production involves several steps, starting from grinding cocoa beans to producing either industrial chocolate or supplying the food industry. The largest share of the chocolate bar price goes to ingredients and overheads, while farmers receive the smallest.

The first diagram shows that after cocoa beans are ground, some waste is produced, and the rest becomes cocoa liquor. This liquor is used in two ways: one part is processed into industrial chocolate by adding sugar and other ingredients; the other part is pressed to extract cocoa powder and cocoa butter. Cocoa powder goes to the food industry, while cocoa butter is used for industrial chocolate.

The second diagram shows the cost breakdown of a chocolate bar. The biggest share, 37%, goes to ingredients and overheads. Supermarkets take 34%, tax accounts for 15%, and chocolate companies earn 10%. Only 4% goes to the farmers who grow the cocoa.