The given picture illustrates the process of manufacturing paper from raw materials and its recycling.
Overall, the process comprises two main stages: initial production of paper from raw wood and the recycling of used paper to reproduce it. The first stage involves seven mechanical steps, beginning with felling trees, and ending with printing products. Meanwhile, the second stage includes a loop of six steps, focusing on the reuse of used newspapers undergoing both chemical and mechanical treatments.
In terms of paper production using wood as a main material, after felling trees that have reached an ideal standard, outer bark is eliminated when being fed into a rotating drum. Subsequently, the debarked logs are led into a chipping machine to reduce them into tiny wood chippings, making the next step operate more smoothly. These chips are directed into a room where the refining process happens, transforming the small pieces into a form pulp, after which these pulp undergoes a pressing process. The former step results in flat sheets that are rolled into finished papers, waiting for the printing process.
The recycling stage begins with a collection of discarded newspapers. After which, a de-inking device is utilized, minimising the possibility of changing the pure color of the paper. The cleaned paper is repulped before being reintroduced into thee original paper-making process, including pulp pressing, paper rolling and printing.