The flow chart illustrates the trampling effect, which is the downside effect of tourists walking in the countryside for the sightseeing of nature. Trampling is defined as the grass in a certain area becoming flattened when people frequently walk in that area.
The effect of the trampling has two major drawbacks; firstly, damage to vegetation, and secondly, soil has been compacted to become hard underfoot. The initial drawback leads to the weaker plantation in the affected area and the latter results in air and water quality reduction in the soil. In addition, both drawbacks make the plants not to reproduce and grow anymore in the trampling area. The compaction of soil contributes to increased erosions and water runoff on the land, which leads to a reduction of vegetation. These further downgrade the quality of soil and remaining vegetation.
In summary, the given flow chart subscribes to the negative impacts of tourism not only on plantations but also on the degradation of environmental factors such as soil impaction and erosion.