The bar chart compares the average annual GDP growth rates across four decades (1960s-1990s) for three groups of countries: wealthy nations, globalisers, and non-globalisers.
In the 1960s, wealthy countries experienced the highest growth, averaging just above 5%, while globalisers and non-globalisers lagged behind at around 2% and 3% respectively. In the 1970s, however, the gap narrowed: both globalisers and non-globalisers recorded growth rates of roughly 3.5%, slightly higher than the wealthy nations, which fell to just below 3%.
During the 1980s, the wealthy economies maintained steady growth at about 3%, whereas globalisers achieved only around 2.5%. Non-globalisers dropped sharply to around 1%. The situation changed dramatically in the 1990s, when globalisers surged to nearly 5%, significantly outpacing the other two groups. Wealthy countries maintained stable growth at roughly 2%, while non-globalisers stagnated at close to 1.5%.
Overall, the chart highlights a shift over time: wealthy countries saw a gradual decline in growth, non-globalisers fell behind sharply after the 1970s, while globalisers achieved the most rapid expansion by the 1990s. This suggests that adopting a globalised approach was strongly linked with faster economic growth in the later decades.