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Practice dictation & shadowing on the daily life story: Paul Kane, Frontier Artist
Paul Kane, Frontier Artist
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(1)
Paul Kane, frontier artist Since Christopher Columbus first met American Indians in 1492, many Europeans have been fascinated by Indian life and culture.
(2)
As a result, there was a demand in Europe for drawings and paintings of Native Americans.
(3)
European artists who had never seen an Indian supplied most of this demand.
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But in the 19th century, several painters traveled into Indian territory to make an authentic record of native life.
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One of the first artists to do this was the American painter George Catlin.
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In 1841, Catlin published a book of his work.
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Catlin's work helped inspire another important frontier artist, the Canadian Paul Kane.
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Paul Kane was born in Ireland in 1810.
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His family moved to Toronto ON Canada when Paul was nine years old.
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The young boy was not very interested in school at that time.
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There were still Indians living in wigwams in the Toronto area.
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Young Paul liked visiting the Indian village instead of going to school.
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Since Paul spent little time in school, he was largely A selftaught artist.
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He also became a surprisingly good writer, considering that he had not spent much time studying spelling or grammar.
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After working some years making and decorating furniture, Kane was ready to travel.
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He spent the years from 1836 to 1841 living and traveling in the United States.
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Then he traveled in Europe from 1841 to 1843, studying the great painters of the past.
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He was back in the USA until 1845, and then he returned to Toronto.
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Immediately upon his return, Kane headed into the wilderness areas around Georgian Bay, Sioux, Sainte Marie, and Lake MI.
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His plan was to sketch Indian life before it disappeared forever.
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American Indians were dying so rapidly from European diseases such as measles and smallpox that many people believed they would soon vanish as a race.
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Their culture was threatened too.
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As white settlers demanded more land, Indians were being herded into small pieces of land called reservations.
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Here they could no longer practice their traditional way of life.
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Kane wanted to capture Native American life while it still existed.
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Kane returned to Toronto at the end of 1845.
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He'd received one good piece of advice, and that was if he wanted to travel into the wilderness, he would have to go with experienced people.
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He was able to get the support of the governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, Sir George Simpson.
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In May 1846, Kane joined the annual canoe fleet of fur traders.
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Going West, Cain would travel all through the wilderness areas of Western Canada and northwestern USA.
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During this time he made hundreds of sketches of Indian life.
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Although Cain faced incredible hardships during his travels, he was able to see what he wanted to see.
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He was able to take part in one of the last great Buffalo hunts and killed two large bison himself.
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Traveling W with the fur traders, he visited many forts and trading posts.
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He saw and painted a Prairie fire.
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He shot a grizzly bear at close range and killed several wolves that attacked his horses.
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He learned to travel long distances on snowshoes in winter.
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Finally he arrived at the Pacific Coast, where he made some fine drawings of the West Coast Indians.
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European diseases had reached there.
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Just before Cain, 1500 Indians had died near Fort Vancouver in the summer of 1848.
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One wealthy chief had ruled 1000 warriors and had ten wives, four children, and 18 slaves.
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Now he had only one wife, one child, and two slaves.
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Kane had not come too soon.
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However.
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There were tribes still unaffected by Western culture and Western diseases.
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Kane also traveled widely around the Columbia River in northwestern USA.
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Everywhere he went, he sketched Indian chiefs and scenes of native life.
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On his return trip, he encountered a large war party of 1500 Braves on the warpath against their traditional enemies.
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He was able to sketch the leading Chief Big Snake, who was later killed in single combat during the battle.
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When he arrived back in Toronto, Kane gave an exhibit of his sketches and watercolors.
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Most of the rest of his life was spent turning these drawings into finished paintings.