Master the Cambridge IELTS 10 Academic Reading Test 3 Passage 1 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 10 Academic Reading Test 3 Passage 1
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traverse
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(v) /trəˈvɜrs/
to travel across or through something
Example: They will traverse the mountains during their hike.
conviction
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(n) /kənˈvɪkʃən/
a strong belief or opinion
Example: Her religious conviction is very important to her.
compelling
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(adj) /kəmˈpɛlɪŋ/
making you feel that you must do something
Example: The story was so compelling that I couldn't put the book down.
aristocrat
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(n) /ˈærɪstəkræt/
a person of high social rank, especially from a noble family
Example: The aristocrat lived in a large mansion.
villa
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(n) /ˈvɪlə/
a large and often luxurious country house, especially in the Mediterranean region
Example: They stayed in a beautiful villa by the sea.
advent
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(n) /ˈæd.vɛnt/
the arrival of a notable person, thing, or event
Example: The advent of smartphones changed how we communicate.
inexpensive
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(adj) /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/
not expensive; low in cost
Example: We found an inexpensive restaurant for dinner.
subsequent
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(adj) /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/
happening after something else
Example: The subsequent events changed everything.
entity
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(n) /ˈɛn.tə.ti/
something that exists as a separate and distinct thing
Example: Each company is considered a separate entity.
segment
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(n) /ˈsɛɡ.mənt/
a part or section of something
Example: The segment of the movie was very exciting.
virtually
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(adv) /ˈvɜr.tʃu.ə.li/
almost, but not completely
Example: It is virtually impossible to finish the project in one day.
value-added
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(adj) /ˈvæl.juː ˈæd.ɪd/
having extra benefits or features that increase worth or importance
Example: The new service offered by the company is value-added.
contribution
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(n) /ˌkɒn.trɪˈbjuː.ʃn/
something that you give or do to help achieve something
Example: His contribution to the project was very important.
profound
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(adj) /prəˈfaʊnd/
very great or intense
Example: The book had a profound effect on me.
educative
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(adj) /ˈɛdʒʊˌkeɪtɪv/
providing knowledge or information
Example: The museum has many educative exhibits.
obscure
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(v) /əbˈskjʊr/
to make something difficult to see or understand
Example: The fog can obscure the view of the mountains.
fragmentation
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(n) /fræŋɡmənˈteɪʃən/
the action or process of breaking into pieces
Example: The fragmentation of the industry makes it hard to understand its full impact.
accommodation
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(n) /əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃən/
a place to stay when traveling, like a hotel or a hostel
Example: We need to book accommodation for our trip.
leisure
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(n) /ˈliːʒər/
time that you spend doing what you enjoy when you are not working
Example: She likes to read books in her leisure.
enterprise
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(n) /ˈɛn.tə.praɪz/
a business organization or company
Example: The new enterprise will create many jobs.
amorphous
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(adj) /əˈmɔr.fəs/
having no definite shape or form
Example: The idea was still amorphous and needed more development.
analyst
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(n) /ˈænəˌlɪst/
a person who studies and interprets data or information
Example: The analyst reported the findings to the team.
credible
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(adj) /ˈkrɛdɪbəl/
able to be believed; convincing
Example: She presented a credible argument for why the plan should be approved.
diversity
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(n) /daɪˈvɜːr.sɪ.ti/
the presence of different types of people or things
Example: The city is known for its diversity.
vehicle
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(n) /ˈviːəkl/
a machine that is used for traveling on land, water, or in the air
Example: My family took a vehicle to the park.
exclusive
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(adj) /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/
only for a certain group of people
Example: The club has exclusive membership.
province
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(n) /ˈprɑː.vɪns/
a major area or division within a country
Example: A province can have its own laws.
institutionalize
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(v) /ˌɪn.stɪˈtuː.ʃən.əl.aɪz/
to make something a normal or accepted part of a system or organization
Example: They want to institutionalize support for the new program.
commodity
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(n) /kəˈmɒdəti/
a product or a raw material that can be bought and sold
Example: Gold is a valuable commodity in the market.
rank
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(n) /ræŋk/
a position in a social or business hierarchy
Example: He got a higher rank in the company.
source
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(n) /sɔrs/
the place or thing where something comes from
Example: Tourism is a major source of income for many countries.
quote
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(n) /kwoʊt/
a repeat of someone else's spoken or written words
Example: She decided to include a famous quote in her essay.
precise
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(adj) /prɪˈsaɪs/
exact and correct
Example: She gave a precise answer to the question.
valid
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(adj) /ˈvæl.ɪd/
correct and acceptable
Example: The information they provided was valid.
reliable
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(adj) /rɪˈlaɪəbl/
able to be trusted or depended on
Example: She is a reliable friend who always helps me.
domestic
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(adj) /dəˈmɛstɪk/
related to the home country or area
Example: Many families prefer domestic trips for their vacations.
primitive
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(adj) /ˈprɪmɪtɪv/
basic or simple; not advanced
Example: Primitive tools were used by early humans.
motivation
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(n) /ˌmoʊtɪˈveɪʃən/
the reason or desire to do something
Example: His motivation to study hard helped him get good grades.
aristocracy
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(n) /ˌærɪsˈtɒkrəsi/
a class of people who have high social status and wealth, usually through inherited titles or land
Example: The aristocracy often hosted grand parties in their luxurious homes.
vital
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(adj) /ˈvaɪtəl/
extremely important and necessary
Example: Water is vital for all living things.
civilization
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(n) /ˌsɪv.ə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
a large and important society that has developed its own culture and way of life
Example: The study of civilization is very interesting for students.
phenomenon
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(n) /fəˈnɒ.mɪ.nɒn/
a fact or event that can be seen or experienced and is interesting or unusual
Example: A rainbow is a beautiful phenomenon in nature.
distinctly
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(adv) /dɪˈstɪŋktli/
in a clear and noticeable way
Example: She spoke distinctly so everyone could hear her.
revolution
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(n) /ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən/
a big change in the way something is done or in the social order
Example: The industrial revolution changed how people worked.
advent
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(n) /ˈæd.vɛnt/
the arrival or start of something new
Example: The advent of smartphones changed how we communicate.
expansion
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(n) /ɪkˈspænʃən/
the process of increasing in size, number, or amount
Example: The expansion of the city means more homes for people.
exchange
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(n) /ɪkˈsʧeɪndʒ/
the act of giving something to someone and receiving something in return
Example: They made an exchange of gifts during the party.
industrialize
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(v) /ɪnˈdʌstriəˌlaɪz/
to develop industries in a country or region
Example: The government plans to industrialize the rural areas.
estimate
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(v) /ˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/
to guess or calculate the amount or value of something
Example: We need to estimate the cost of the trip.
profound
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(adj) /prəˈfaʊnd/
very great or intense
Example: The book had a profound effect on my thinking.
impact
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(n) /ˈɪm.pækt/
the effect or influence of one thing on another
Example: The impact of tourism can be seen in many countries.
obscure
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(v) /əbˈskjʊr/
to make something difficult to see or understand
Example: The thick fog can obscure the view of the mountains.
underestimate
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(v) /ˌʌndərˈɛstɪmeɪt/
to think that something is less important or less serious than it really is
Example: Many people underestimate the impact of small businesses on the economy.
amorphous
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(adj) /əˈmɔrfəs/
having no clear shape or form
Example: The ideas in his speech were amorphous and hard to understand.
credible
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(adj) /ˈkrɛdəbl/
able to be believed; convincing
Example: She gave a credible explanation for her absence.