Master the Cambridge IELTS 11 Academic Reading Test 2 Passage 1 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 11 Academic Reading Test 2 Passage 1
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engaged
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(adj) /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒd/
involved in something or busy with something
Example: She is engaged in her studies at the moment.
vessel
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(n) /ˈvɛsəl/
a boat or ship
Example: They saw a large vessel sailing on the ocean.
undisputed
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(adj) /ˌʌndɪˈspjuːtɪd/
not questioned or challenged; accepted as true
Example: The undisputed champion won all the matches.
starboard
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(n) /ˈstɑːrbɔrd/
the right side of a ship when facing forward
Example: The crew gathered on the starboard side to watch the sunset.
port
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(n) /pɔrt/
the left side of a ship when facing forward
Example: The crew worked on the port side of the ship.
hull
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(n) /hʌl/
the main body of a ship
Example: The hull of the ship is very strong.
current
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(adj) /ˈkɜr.ənt/
happening now; modern
Example: The current news keeps everyone informed.
erode
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(v) /ɪˈroʊd/
to be worn away gradually by natural processes
Example: Water can erode the rocks over time.
organism
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(n) /ˈɔrɡənɪzəm/
a living thing, such as a plant or animal
Example: An organism needs food and water to survive.
degradation
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(n) /ˌdɛɡrəˈdeɪʃən/
the process of becoming worse or declining in quality
Example: The beach suffered from pollution and degradation.
intact
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(adj) /ɪnˈtækt/
not damaged or changed
Example: The book was intact after being on the shelf for years.
minimise
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(v) /ˈmɪnɪmaɪz/
to make something as small as possible
Example: We try to minimise waste when we cook.
obstruction
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(n) /əbˈstrʌkʃən/
something that blocks or gets in the way
Example: They had to remove an obstruction to let the boat pass.
protrude
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(v) /prəˈtruːd/
to stick out or extend beyond a surface
Example: A tree branch can protrude into the path.
intermittently
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(adv) /ˌɪntərˈmɪtəntli/
in a way that stops and starts repeatedly
Example: The diver worked intermittently to find the ship.
obscurity
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(n) /əbˈskjʊr.ɪ.ti/
the state of being not well known or forgotten
Example: The story fell into obscurity after many years.
conjunction
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(n) /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/
a word that connects phrases or sentences
Example: And is a common conjunction in English.
initiate
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(v) /ɪˈnɪʃieɪt/
to start something
Example: They will initiate the new project next week.
unsatisfactory
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(adj) /ˌʌnˈsætɪsˌfæktəri/
not good enough; not satisfactory
Example: The results of the test were unsatisfactory.
collaboration
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(n) /kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃən/
the act of working together with others
Example: The team works in collaboration to finish the project.
sonar
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(n) /ˈsoʊ.nɑːr/
a system for detecting objects underwater using sound waves
Example: They used sonar to find the sunken ship.
excavation
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(n) /ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃən/
the act of digging or removing earth to find something
Example: The excavation revealed many ancient artifacts.
stray
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(adj) /streɪ/
not in the right place; lost
Example: The stray dog looked for food.
climax
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(n) /ˈklaɪmæks/
the most exciting or important point of something
Example: The climax of the story was very thrilling.
frame
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(n) /freɪm/
a structure that gives shape or support
Example: The picture is in a beautiful frame.
treasure trove
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(n) /ˈtrɛʒər troʊv/
a collection of valuable objects that is discovered, especially by chance
Example: The explorers found a treasure trove of ancient coins.
artefact
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(n) /ˈɑːrtəfækt/
an object made by a human being, often of historical or cultural interest
Example: The museum displayed an ancient artefact from Egypt.
salvage
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(v) /ˈsæl.vɪdʒ/
to save something from being lost or destroyed
Example: They hope to salvage the old boat from the river.
feasible
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(adj) /ˈfiː.zə.bəl/
possible to do
Example: It is feasible to complete the project on time.
go-ahead
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(n) /ˈɡoʊ.əˌhɛd/
permission to proceed with something
Example: We are waiting for the go-ahead to start the project.
distinct
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(adj) /dɪsˈtɪŋkt/
clearly different or separate
Example: The two paintings are distinct from each other.
bolt
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(n) /boʊlt/
a type of fastener that is used to hold things together
Example: He used a bolt to attach the door to the frame.
hydraulic
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(adj) /haɪˈdrɔːlɪk/
relating to liquid under pressure
Example: The workers used hydraulic jacks to lift the heavy objects.
jack
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(n) /dʒæk/
a device used for lifting heavy things
Example: The workers used a jack to lift the heavy car.
suction
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(n) /ˈsʌkʃən/
the act of drawing something in, usually through a vacuum or space
Example: The suction pulled the water into the pipe.
progress
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(n) /ˈprɑːɡrɛs/
moving forward or getting better
Example: She made great progress in her studies.
cradle
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(n) /ˈkreɪ.dl/
a structure used to support something, especially during lifting
Example: The workers placed the hull into the lifting cradle.
precise
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(adj) /prɪˈsaɪs/
exact and accurate
Example: The doctor gave a precise answer about the treatment.
positioning
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(n) /pəˈzɪʃənɪŋ/
the act of placing or arranging something in a particular spot
Example: The positioning of the books on the shelf was neat.
archaeological
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(adj) /ˌɑːrkiəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/
related to the study of human history through excavating sites and analyzing artifacts
Example: The archaeological team discovered ancient tools buried in the ground.
survey
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(n) /ˈsɜr.veɪ/
a process of questioning people to get information
Example: The teacher gave a survey to the students to learn their opinions.
delicate
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(adj) /ˈdɛlɪkɪt/
easily damaged or broken; fragile
Example: You need to be careful with that delicate glass vase.
timber
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(n) /ˈtɪm.bər/
wood that is used for building
Example: The carpenter used timber to build the house.
framework
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(n) /ˈfreɪmˌwɜrk/
a basic structure that supports something
Example: The framework of the house is made of wood.
structure
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(n) /ˈstrʌk.tʃər/
the way that something is arranged or organized
Example: The structure of the building is very strong.
skeleton
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(n) /ˈskɛlɪtən/
the structure of bones that supports the body of a person or animal
Example: The doctor showed us a model of a skeleton.
mechanical
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(adj) /məˈkænɪkl/
related to machines or tools
Example: The mechanical parts in the car need to be checked.
protruding
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(adj) /proʊˈtruːdɪŋ/
sticking out from a surface
Example: The engineer noticed a protruding nail on the wooden beam.
obscure
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(adj) /əbˈskjʊr/
not well known or not easily seen
Example: The book became obscure after it was published.
restore
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(v) /rɪˈstɔːr/
to bring something back to a former condition
Example: They want to restore the old building.
preserve
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(v) /prɪˈzɜrv/
to keep something in its original state or good condition
Example: We need to preserve the old building.