Master the Cambridge IELTS 11 Academic Reading Test 3 Passage 2 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 11 Academic Reading Test 3 Passage 2
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migration
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(n) /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/
the movement from one place to another, often in a seasonal pattern
Example: The birds' migration happens each year.
interval
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(n) /ˈɪntɚvəl/
a period of time or space between two things
Example: She took a break at regular intervals during her study.
annual
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(adj) /ˈæn.ju.əl/
happening once a year
Example: We have an annual party every December.
cycle
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(n) /ˈsaɪ.kəl/
a series of events that happen in a specific order and repeat
Example: The seasons change in a natural cycle.
inherit
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(v) /ɪnˈhɛrɪt/
to receive traits or properties from parents or ancestors
Example: She will inherit her grandmother's old necklace.
instinct
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(n) /ˈɪn.stɪŋkt/
a natural ability to do something without being taught
Example: The bird uses instinct to find its way home.
biologist
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(n) /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/
a person who studies living things
Example: The biologist studied the behavior of birds.
characteristic
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(n) /ˌkɛrɪktəˈrɪstɪk/
a feature or quality that helps to identify something
Example: The characteristic of a dog is its loyalty.
prolonged
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(adj) /prəˈlɔŋd/
continuing for a long time
Example: The meeting felt prolonged and tiring.
linear
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(adj) /ˈlɪniər/
in a straight line
Example: The road goes in a linear direction toward the city.
zigzag
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(adj) /ˈzɪɡzæɡ/
having sharp turns or angles; moving back and forth in a pattern
Example: The road went zigzag up the mountain.
allocation
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(n) /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/
the act of deciding how resources will be distributed
Example: The allocation of food was fair for everyone.
attentiveness
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(n) /əˈtɛntɪvnəs/
the state of paying close attention
Example: Her attentiveness during the lesson helped her learn better.
undistracted
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(adj) /ˌʌndɪsˈtræktɪd/
not being distracted; focused
Example: She was undistracted while studying for her exam.
undeterred
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(adj) /ˌʌn.dɪˈtɜrd/
not discouraged or stopped by difficulties
Example: She was undeterred by the rain and continued her walk.
voracious
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(adj) /vəˈreɪʃəs/
having a huge appetite; extremely hungry
Example: The child was voracious and ate all the cookies.
handout
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(n) /ˈhændaʊt/
something given free to help people
Example: The school gave out a handout with information about the event.
admirable
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(adj) /ˈæd.mɪ.rə.bəl/
worthy of admiration or respect
Example: The volunteers do admirable work in the community.
converge
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(v) /kənˈvɜrdʒ/
to come together from different directions
Example: The two roads converge at the traffic light.
evolution
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(n) /ˌɛvəˈluːʃən/
a process of change and development over time
Example: The evolution of species is a slow process.
circumstance
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(n) /ˈsɜrkəmˌstæns/
a condition or situation that affects something
Example: The circumstance made it hard for him to attend the meeting.
offspring
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(n) /ˈɔfˌsprɪŋ/
a person's child or an animal's young
Example: The bird took care of its offspring.
terrestrial
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(adj) /təˈrɛstriəl/
relating to the land
Example: Elephants are large terrestrial animals.
mammal
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(n) /ˈmæm.əl/
an animal that has fur or hair and gives birth to live young
Example: The dog is a mammal.
seasonal
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(adj) /ˈsiːzənl/
related to or happening in a particular season
Example: The restaurant has a seasonal menu with dishes that change every few months.
zooplankton
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(n) /ˈzuːplæŋktən/
small animals that float in the water and cannot swim against the tides
Example: Zooplankton are important for the ocean food chain.
deplete
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(v) /dɪˈpliːt/
to use up a supply or resource
Example: The animals deplete the food supply quickly.
intricate
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(adj) /ˈɪntrɪkət/
having many small parts that are arranged in a complex way
Example: The design of the jewelry was intricate and beautiful.
phenomenon
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(n) /fəˈnɒməˌnɒn/
something that can be seen or sensed, often difficult to understand
Example: The migration of birds is a natural phenomenon.
detrimental
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(adj) /ˌdɛtrɪˈmɛntəl/
causing harm or damage
Example: Pollution has a detrimental effect on wildlife.
invariance
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(n) /ɪnˈvɛrɪəns/
the state of being unchanged or constant
Example: The invariance of the pronghorn's migration route is crucial for its survival.
constriction
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(n) /kənˈstrɪkʃən/
the act of making something narrower or tighter
Example: The constriction of the path made it hard for the animals to pass.
bottleneck
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(n) /ˈbɑːtlˌnɛk/
a point of congestion or blockage
Example: The road became a bottleneck during rush hour.
bounty
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(n) /ˈbaʊnti/
a reward or payment for something, often for capturing or killing someone or something
Example: The hunters searched for the bounty offered for the lost treasure.
traverse
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(v) /trəˈvɜrs/
to travel through or across something
Example: They traverse the hills to reach the other side.
corridor
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(n) /ˈkɔːrɪdər/
a long narrow space in a building
Example: The corridor leads to the classroom.
development
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(n) /dɪˈvɛləpmənt/
the process of growing or improving
Example: The development of the park makes the town nicer.
crisis
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(n) /ˈkraɪ.sɪs/
a time of difficulty or danger
Example: The community worked together during the crisis.
choke
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(v) /tʃoʊk/
to have difficulty breathing because the throat is blocked
Example: He might choke on a piece of food.
passageway
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(n) /ˈpæsɪdʒˌweɪ/
a path or opening that allows movement from one place to another
Example: The passageway led to a secret room.
conservation
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(n) /ˌkɒn.sərˈveɪ.ʃən/
the act of protecting and preserving something, especially the environment and wildlife
Example: The group promotes conservation to help endangered animals.
preserve
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(v) /prɪˈzɜrv/
to keep something safe from harm or change
Example: We need to preserve the old building in our town.
behaviour
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(n) /bɪˈheɪvjər/
the way a person or animal acts
Example: Her behaviour at school is very good.
habitat
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(n) /ˈhæbɪtæt/
the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism
Example: The forest is a good habitat for many animals.
recognize
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(v) /ˈrɛkəɡnaɪz/
to see or hear someone or something and understand who or what it is
Example: I can recognize my friend from far away.
jurisdiction
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(n) /ˌdʒʊrɪsˈdɪkʃən/
the official power to make legal decisions and judgments
Example: The lawyer explained the rules of jurisdiction in court.
border
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(n) /ˈbɔrdər/
the line that separates two areas or countries
Example: The kids crossed the border to go to the playground.
complicate
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(v) /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪt/
to make something more difficult or complex
Example: The instructions complicate the process.
wisdom
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(n) /ˈwɪz.dəm/
the ability to make good judgments based on knowledge and experience
Example: She is known for her wisdom in solving problems.
resoluteness
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(n) /ˌrɛzəˈluːtnəs/
the quality of being determined and firm in purpose
Example: She showed great resoluteness in achieving her goals.
ensure
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(v) /ɪnˈʃʊr/
to make sure something will happen
Example: We need to ensure that everyone gets home safely.