Cambridge IELTS 12 Academic Reading Test 2 Passage 1

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Definition

(n) the process of combining different ideas or things to make something new Example: The ______ of different cultures can create a rich community.

Term

synthesis

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Definition

(adj) firmly established and difficult to change Example: Cultural values are deeply ______ in many societies.

Term

entrenched

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Definition

(n) the quality of being likely to change suddenly, especially in price Example: The ______ of stocks worries many investors.

Term

volatility

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Definition

(adj) common or widespread Example: Hunger is ______ in many countries.

Term

prevalent

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Definition

(v) to make something less severe or serious Example: He tried to ______ the damage from the storm.

Term

mitigate

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Definition

(n) the action of getting involved in a situation to change it Example: The teacher's ______ helped the students improve their grades.

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intervention

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Definition

(n) the act of getting or obtaining something Example: The company is looking to improve its ______ process.

Term

procurement

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Definition

(v) to make something less severe or serious Example: The doctor prescribed medicine to ______ the pain.

Term

alleviate

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Definition

(n) the quality of being open to harm or damage Example: The storm showed the ______ of the old building.

Term

vulnerability

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Definition

(n) money given by the government to help people or businesses Example: The government provides ______ to help farmers grow their crops.

Term

subsidies

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Definition

(v) to give something, usually money, in order to reduce or balance a loss or damage Example: The government needs to ______ farmers for their losses.

Term

compensate

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Definition

(n) a strong control over something Example: The company has a ______ on the market.

Term

stranglehold

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Definition

(n) a person or group that receives money or benefits from something, especially after someone dies Example: The ______ of the will got a large sum of money.

Term

beneficiary

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Definition

(n) a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold Example: Rice is a common ______ in many countries.

Term

commodity

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Definition

(adj) made to be more about financial aspects or interests Example: The market became ______, focusing more on profits than on farmers.

Term

financialised

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Definition

(v) to argue or state something in a strong way Example: They ______ that climate change affects all farmers.

Term

contend

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Definition

(n) a business that produces or sells agricultural products Example: The ______ helped local farmers find better markets.

Term

agribusiness

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Definition

(n) the quality of being impossible to predict Example: The ______ of the weather made it hard to plan the picnic.

Term

unpredictability

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Definition

(adj) able to recover quickly from difficult conditions Example: The plant is ______ and can survive drought.

Term

resilient

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Definition

(n) a poor farmer or farm worker Example: The ______ worked hard in the fields every day.

Term

peasant

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Definition

(v) to make something more varied or different Example: Farmers can ______ their crops to reduce risk.

Term

diversify

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Definition

(adj) able to operate independently Example: The ______ group made their own decisions.

Term

autonomous

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Definition

(v) to cause things to happen at the same time or rate Example: We need to ______ our schedules for the meeting.

Term

synchronise

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Definition

(n) the process of negotiating or reaching an agreement Example: ______ is an important skill in business.

Term

bargaining

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Definition

(n) a person or group that has an interest in a project or organization

Term

stakeholder

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Definition

(n) a person or organization that helps connect two parties Example: The ______ helped the farmer sell his produce to stores.

Term

intermediary

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Definition

(v) to make something as small as possible Example: We need to ______ waste in our kitchen.

Term

minimise

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Definition

(n) an arrangement to pay for a service or product regularly Example: I have a ______ to my favorite magazine.

Term

subscription

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Definition

(n) the way something is shared or divided among a group Example: The ______ of toys made the children very happy.

Term

distribution

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Definition

(adj) able to produce a lot of good results or create a lot of output Example: He is very ______ and finishes his work quickly.

Term

productive

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Definition

(adj) relying on something or someone else Example: The child is ______ on her parents for care.

Term

dependent

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Definition

(adj) firmly established and difficult to change Example: Cultural values are ______ in many societies.

Term

entrenched

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Definition

(n) the quality of being changeable or unstable Example: The market is facing a lot of ______ this week.

Term

volatility

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Definition

(adj) having a negative or harmful effect Example: The weather can have an ______ impact on crops.

Term

adverse

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Definition

(adv) in a way that is unexpected or contrary to what one would intuitively think Example: ______, some people feel happier when they are alone.

Term

counter-intuitively

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Definition

(adj) basic or fundamental; not obvious Example: They discussed the ______ issues causing the problem.

Term

underlying

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Definition

(v) to make less severe or serious Example: The measures aim at ______ the effects of climate change.

Term

mitigating

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Definition

(n) a person who writes essays or gives their opinion about a subject Example: The ______ shared her thoughts on climate change.

Term

essayist

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Definition

(n) the process of getting or buying goods and services Example: The company is responsible for ______ of all office supplies.

Term

procurement

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Definition

(v) to make something less painful or severe Example: The medicine is ______ her headache.

Term

alleviating

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Definition

(n) the health, comfort, and happiness of a person or group Example: The community works hard to improve ______ for all its members.

Term

welfare

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Definition

(n) the state of being open to harm or damage Example: The ______ of small farmers is a serious issue.

Term

vulnerability

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Definition

(v) to give something, usually money, to someone to make up for loss or damage Example: The company will ______ workers for their overtime.

Term

compensate

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Definition

(n) a person or group that receives benefits from something Example: The ______ received help from the charity.

Term

beneficiary

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Definition

(n) a basic good used in commerce that is interchangeable with other goods of the same type Example: Rice is a staple ______ in many countries.

Term

commodity

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Definition

(adj) made to operate like a financial market or system Example: The concept of ______ markets can be complex.

Term

financialised

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Definition

(n) the quality of being clear and easy to understand Example: The company showed ______ in its financial reports.

Term

transparency

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Definition

(n) a type of business that involves farming and selling food or farm products Example: The farmer wants to start an ______ to sell vegetables.

Term

agribusiness

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Definition

(n) the quality of being hard to predict Example: The ______ of the weather makes it difficult to plan outdoor events.

Term

unpredictability

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Definition

(adj) able to recover quickly from difficult conditions Example: The plant is ______ and can survive in harsh weather.

Term

resilient

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Definition

(v) to make something more varied or different Example: Farmers need to ______ their crops to reduce risks.

Term

diversify

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Master the Cambridge IELTS 12 Academic Reading Test 2 Passage 1 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.