Master the Cambridge IELTS 13 Academic Listening Test 1 Part 4 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 13 Academic Listening Test 1 Part 4
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evolutionary
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(adj) /ˌɛvəˈluːʃəˌnɛri/
relating to the gradual development of something over time
Example: The scientist studies evolutionary changes in animals.
upheaval
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(n) /ʌpˈhiːvəl/
a big change or disruption
Example: The city went through an upheaval when the new park was built.
adapt
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(v) /əˈdæpt/
to change something to fit a new situation
Example: Animals need to adapt to survive in different places.
adaptable
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(adj) /əˈdæp.tə.bəl/
able to change or be changed to suit different conditions
Example: The adaptable animal can live in different places.
perch
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(v) /pɜrʧ/
to rest or sit on something, usually high up
Example: The bird will perch on a tree branch.
immigrant
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(n) /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/
a person who moves to another country to live there
Example: The immigrant found a job in the city.
adaptation
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(n) /ˌædæpˈteɪʃən/
a change to suit new conditions
Example: The adaptation of animals to city life is interesting.
gradual
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(adj) /ˈɡrædʒ.u.əl/
happening slowly over a period of time
Example: The changes in the city were gradual.
biologist
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(n) /baɪˈɑlədʒɪst/
a person who studies living things, especially animals and plants
Example: The biologist studies how animals adapt to city life.
specimen
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(n) /ˈspɛsɪmən/
an example of a plant or animal used for study
Example: The scientist examined a specimen under the microscope.
urbanized
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(adj) /ˈɜːr.bən.aɪzd/
having been changed or developed to be more like a city
Example: The urbanized area has many tall buildings and streets.
gopher
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(n) /ˈɡoʊfər/
a small burrowing animal with brown fur
Example: I saw a gopher digging a hole in the garden.
cognitive
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(adj) /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.tɪv/
related to thinking, understanding, and learning
Example: She used her cognitive skills to solve the puzzle.
anatomy
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(n) /əˈnætəmi/
the structure of an animal or plant
Example: The scientist studied the anatomy of the frog.
counterpart
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(n) /ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt/
a person or thing that has the same purpose as another
Example: The urban blackbirds are braver than their country counterpart.
endocrine
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(adj) /ˈɛndəˌkraɪn/
related to glands that produce hormones
Example: The endocrine system helps regulate important functions in the body.
hormone
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(n) /ˈhɔːr.moʊn/
a chemical in the body that controls many functions
Example: The hormone helps regulate mood and energy.
corticosterone
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(n) /ˌkɔːr.tɪ.kəˈstɜːr.oʊn/
a hormone made by the adrenal glands that helps the body respond to stress
Example: Corticosterone levels can change when animals feel stressed.
prevalent
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(adj) /ˈprɛvələnt/
common or widespread
Example: The practice of waving their tails is more prevalent in cities.
implication
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(n) /ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃən/
a likely result or effect of something
Example: The implication of the study is that animals can adapt quickly.
accustomed
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(adj) /əˈkʌs.təmd/
used to something so that it no longer is strange or unpleasant
Example: He is accustomed to waking up early.
urban
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(adj) /ˈɜr.bən/
related to a city or towns
Example: The urban area has many shops and restaurants.
rural
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(adj) /ˈrʊrəl/
relating to the countryside, not the city
Example: The rural area is quiet and full of nature.
environment
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(n) /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/
the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives
Example: The environment in the city is very busy.
evolution
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(n) /ˌɛvəˈluːʃən/
the gradual development of something over a long time
Example: The evolution of animals is a slow process.
species
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(n) /ˈspiːʃiːz/
a group of animals or plants that are the same type and can breed together
Example: There are many species of birds in the park.
ledge
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(n) /lɛdʒ/
a narrow ledge or shelf, especially one that is on a wall or building
Example: The cat likes to sit on the ledge and watch the birds.
cliff
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(n) /klɪf/
a steep rock face or slope
Example: The boy climbed to the top of the cliff.
researcher
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(n) /rɪˈsɜːr.tʃər/
a person who studies a subject in detail
Example: The researcher is studying how animals adapt to city life.
museum
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(n) /mjuˈziəm/
a place where objects of historical, scientific, or artistic interest are kept and shown to the public
Example: The museum has many ancient artifacts.
evolutionary
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(adj) /ˌɛv.əˈluː.ʃə.nər.i/
related to the gradual development of something
Example: The evolutionary changes in animals can take a long time.
cognitive
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(adj) /ˈkɑɡnɪtɪv/
related to thinking and understanding
Example: The scientist studied cognitive skills in different animals.
demand
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(n) /dɪˈmænd/
a strong need or request for something
Example: There is a high demand for fresh vegetables in the market.
experiment
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(n) /ɪkˈspɛrɪmənt/
a test done to learn something or to see if something works
Example: The scientist ran an experiment to see how plants grow in different light.
behavior
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(n) /bɪˈheɪvjər/
the way someone or something acts
Example: The behavior of the birds changed in the city.
bold
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(adj) /boʊld/
not afraid of danger or difficult situations
Example: The urban blackbirds are quite bold in the city.
threat
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(n) /θrɛt/
a warning of danger
Example: The storm is a threat to our picnic.
sensible
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(adj) /ˈsɛn.sə.bəl/
practical and showing good judgment
Example: It is sensible to save money for emergencies.
respond
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(v) /rɪˈspɒnd/
to answer or react to something
Example: When I called him, he did not respond.
stress
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(n) /strɛs/
a feeling of worry or pressure
Example: She felt a lot of stress before the exam.
adaptation
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(n) /ˌædæpˈteɪʃən/
a change or adjustment to suit new conditions
Example: The adaptation of animals to city life is fascinating.
subway
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(n) /ˈsʌb.weɪ/
a train system that runs underground in a city
Example: I take the subway to work every day.
communicate
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(v) /kəˈmjunɪkeɪt/
to share or exchange information or ideas
Example: Squirrels communicate with each other by waving their tails.
routine
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(n) /ruːˈtiːn/
a regular way of doing things or a fixed plan
Example: My morning routine includes brushing my teeth.
prevalent
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(adj) /ˈprɛvələnt/
common in a particular area or at a particular time
Example: The tail waving is more prevalent in cities.
noisy
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(adj) /ˈnɔɪ.zi/
making a lot of loud sounds
Example: The street outside is very noisy today.
long-term
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(adj) /lɔːŋ tɜrm/
relating to a long period of time
Example: The long-term effects of pollution are serious.
developing
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(adj) /dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ/
growing or changing over time
Example: The company is developing new products.
permanent
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(adj) /ˈpɜr.mə.nənt/
lasting for a long time or forever
Example: The tattoo is permanent on her skin.
feature
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(n) /ˈfiːtʃər/
a typical quality or important part of something
Example: The phone has many new features.
accustomed
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(adj) /əˈkʌs.təmd/
familiar with something through experience
Example: She is accustomed to waking up early.