Master the Cambridge IELTS 13 Academic Reading Test 4 Passage 3 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 13 Academic Reading Test 4 Passage 3
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pronouncement
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(n) /prəˈnaʊnsmənt/
a formal announcement or statement
Example: The teacher made a pronouncement about the upcoming test.
advocate
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(n) /ˈæd.və.keɪt/
a person who supports or speaks in favor of something
Example: She is an advocate for animal rights.
collective
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(adj) /kəˈlɛktɪv/
relating to a group of people acting together
Example: The collective agreement helped the workers get better pay.
equipped
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(adj) /ɪˈkwɪpt/
having the necessary tools or skills for a specific purpose
Example: She is equipped with the right knowledge for her job.
astonishingly
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(adv) /əˈstɑnɪʃɪŋli/
in a way that surprises or is difficult to believe
Example: The movie was astonishingly good.
crude
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(adj) /kruːd/
simple and not well thought out
Example: The plan was too crude to work effectively.
oblivious
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(adj) /əˈblɪviəs/
not aware of something
Example: She was oblivious to the noise around her.
vast
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(adj) /væst/
very large in size or amount
Example: The ocean is vast and full of mysteries.
self-realisation
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(n) /ˈsɛlfˌrɪəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
the process of understanding and developing oneself
Example: Self-realisation is important for personal growth.
metaphysics
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(n) /ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪks/
the study of the nature of reality and existence
Example: She took a class on metaphysics to explore deep questions about life.
conviction
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(n) /kənˈvɪkʃən/
a strong belief or opinion
Example: Her conviction about the importance of education was evident.
illiterate
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(adj) /ɪˈlɪtərət/
not able to read or write
Example: Some people were illiterate in the past.
outmoded
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(adj) /aʊtˈmoʊdɪd/
no longer useful or in fashion
Example: The outmoded technology is replaced by new devices.
irrelevant
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(adj) /ɪˈrɛl.ə.vənt/
not related to the topic or situation
Example: His comments were irrelevant to the discussion.
reflection
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(n) /rɪˈflɛkʃən/
the act of thinking about something carefully
Example: I need some time for reflection after the meeting.
cult
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(n) /kʌlt/
a group of people who share similar beliefs or practices, often in a way that is considered strange or dangerous
Example: Some people believe that the group is a cult.
lucid
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(adj) /ˈluː.sɪd/
clear and easy to understand
Example: The teacher gave a lucid explanation of the topic.
arresting
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(adj) /əˈrɛstɪŋ/
very interesting or exciting
Example: The movie was arresting from start to finish.
frigidarium
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(n) /frɪˈdɪəriəm/
an ancient Roman room with cold water, typically part of a bath complex
Example: The frigidarium was used to cool off after a warm bath.
provisions
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(n) /prəˈvɪʒənz/
supplies or items needed, especially for a certain purpose
Example: The chef made sure to buy enough provisions for the party.
celebrated
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(adj) /ˈsɛl.ə.breɪ.tɪd/
known and praised by many people
Example: The artist is celebrated for her beautiful paintings.
solitary
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(adj) /ˈsɑː.lɪˌteəri/
being alone or without companions
Example: He enjoys solitary walks in the park.
confinement
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(n) /kənˈfaɪn.mənt/
the state of being kept in a closed space or limited area
Example: His confinement in the small room made him feel uncomfortable.
pioneer
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(n) /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/
a person who is one of the first to do something
Example: She was a pioneer in the field of computer science.
quantified
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(v) /ˈkwɒn.tɪ.faɪd/
to express something in numbers or amounts
Example: The teacher quantified the students' scores on the test.
pulse
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(n) /pʌls/
the regular beat of blood as it is pushed through the body
Example: You can feel your pulse on your wrist.
alternatively
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(adv) /ɔːlˈtɜrnətɪvli/
in a way that presents another choice or option
Example: You can walk to school; alternatively, you can take the bus.
quantification
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(n) /ˌkwɒntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/
the process of measuring or counting something
Example: The quantification of data helps researchers understand the results.
entangling
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(v) /ɪnˈtæŋɡəl/
to twist together or to become complicated
Example: The wires were entangling with each other.
integral
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(adj) /ˈɪntɪɡrəl/
very important and necessary
Example: The project has become integral to their success.
maladies
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(n) /ˈmæl.ə.diːz/
illnesses or medical conditions
Example: The doctor treats many different maladies.
displeasure
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(n) /dɪsˈplɛʒər/
a feeling of being unhappy or dissatisfied
Example: She felt a sense of displeasure when she received the news.
behaviourism
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(n) /bɪˈheɪvjəˌrɪzəm/
a branch of psychology that studies observable behavior
Example: Behaviourism focuses on how people act in different situations.
manipulated
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(v) /məˈnɪpjuleɪtɪd/
to control or influence someone or something in a clever way
Example: The manager manipulated the team to achieve better results.
confined
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(adj) /kənˈfaɪnd/
limited to a small area or space
Example: The research was confined to only a few subjects.
reductive
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(adj) /rɪˈdʌk.tɪv/
making something simpler by reducing it to its basic parts
Example: The scientist's reductive approach overlooked important details.
insights
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(n) /ˈɪnˌsaɪts/
understanding or valuable information about something
Example: She shared her insights during the meeting.
purse
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(n) /pɜrs/
a small bag used to carry money and personal items
Example: She took her purse out to pay for the groceries.
pedigree
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(n) /ˈpɛdɪɡri/
the history of the family or breed of a person or animal
Example: She is proud of her family's pedigree.
labours
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(n) /ˈleɪbərz/
physical or mental work or effort
Example: People often take pride in their labours.
virtue
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(n) /ˈvɜr.tʃu/
a good quality or trait in a person
Example: Honesty is a virtue that many people admire.
inquiry
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(n) /ˈɪnkwəri/
the act of asking for information or an investigation
Example: The teacher welcomed the student's inquiry about the lesson.
framework
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(n) /ˈfreɪmˌwɜrk/
a basic structure that supports or organizes something
Example: The framework of the building was made of strong steel.
consultant
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(n) /kənˈsʌltənt/
a person who gives expert advice professionally
Example: The consultant helped the company improve its sales.
unforgeable
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(adj) /ˌʌnˈfɔrɡəbl/
impossible to be changed or copied
Example: The company designed unforgeable banknotes.
panopticon
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(n) /pæˈnɑptɪˌkɑn/
a type of building designed for surveillance where people are always watched
Example: The design of the panopticon allowed guards to see all prisoners at once.
capitalism
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(n) /ˈkæpɪtəlɪzəm/
an economic system where private people own businesses and make profits
Example: Many countries use capitalism to help their economies grow.
redefined
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(v) /ˌriːdɪˈfaɪnd/
to give a new meaning to something
Example: The problem was redefined to find a better solution.
advertising
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(n) /ˈæd.vɚ.taɪ.zɪŋ/
the activity of making goods or services known to people, usually to sell them
Example: The advertising on TV makes me want to buy new products.
tendency
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(n) /ˈtɛn.dən.si/
a general way in which something often happens
Example: Her tendency to be late worried her friends.
confined
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(adj) /kənˈfaɪnd/
limited in space or time
Example: The study was confined to a small group of people.