Master the Cambridge IELTS 14 Academic Reading Test 3 Passage 1 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 14 Academic Reading Test 3 Passage 1
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conceptualize
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(v) /kənˈsɛp.tʃu.ə.laɪz/
to form a concept or idea of something
Example: It is important to conceptualize your goals before starting a project.
implicit
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(adj) /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/
not stated clearly but understood
Example: Her feelings were implicit in her smile.
explicit
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(adj) /ɪkˈsplɪsɪt/
clear and fully expressed; not hidden
Example: The teacher gave explicit instructions for the project.
cognitive
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(adj) /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.tɪv/
related to thinking or the process of knowing
Example: Cognitive skills help people solve problems.
elucidate
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(v) /ɪˈluː.sɪ.deɪt/
to make something clear or easy to understand
Example: The teacher needs to elucidate the difficult concept.
developmental
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(adj) /dɪˌvɛl.əpˈmɛn.təl/
related to the process of growth or change in a person or thing
Example: The school focuses on the developmental needs of children.
cross-cultural
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(adj) /ˈkrɔs ˈkʌlʧərəl/
relating to different cultures
Example: Cross-cultural communication can help people understand each other better.
extant
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(adj) /ˈɛk.stænt/
still in existence; not extinct
Example: The museum has many extant artifacts from ancient times.
elucidation
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(n) /ɪˌluːsɪˈdeɪʃən/
the act of making something clear or easy to understand
Example: The teacher gave an elucidation of the difficult topic.
supplementation
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(n) /ˌsʌp.lə.menˈteɪ.ʃən/
the act of adding something to improve or complete something
Example: The student provided supplementation to her research project.
construct
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(v) /kənˈstrʌkt/
to build or make something
Example: We need to construct a new playground for the kids.
phenomenon
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(n) /fəˈnɑː.mə.nɒn/
a fact or event that can be observed or studied
Example: The sunrise is a beautiful phenomenon.
investigator
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(n) /ɪnˈvɛstəɡeɪtər/
a person who looks into and studies a situation to find out what happened
Example: The investigator gathered all the evidence from the crime scene.
conceptualization
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(n) /kənˌsɛp.tʃuə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/
the process of forming an idea or concept in your mind
Example: His conceptualization of the project helped the team understand it better.
unconscious
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(adj) /ʌnˈkɑnʃəs/
not aware of or able to think about one's surroundings or feelings
Example: She was unconscious when they found her.
perception
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(n) /pərˈsɛpʃən/
the way someone thinks about something
Example: Her perception of the movie was very different from mine.
evaluation
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(n) /ɪˌvæl.jʊˈeɪ.ʃən/
the process of judging the quality or value of something
Example: The teacher gave a fair evaluation of the student's work.
competency
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(n) /ˈkɒmpɪtənsi/
the ability to do something well
Example: His competency in math helped him get a job.
intersubstitutable
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(adj) /ˌɪntɚˌsʌbstɪˈtjuːtəbl/
able to be replaced with something else
Example: In this view, people are intersubstitutable and can fill various roles.
presupposition
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(n) /ˌpriː.sə.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/
an idea that is accepted as true without proof
Example: Her argument was based on a false presupposition about the data.
assumption
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(n) /əˈsʌmpʃən/
something that is accepted as true without proof
Example: Her assumption was that everyone liked the same food.
statesmen
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(n) /ˈsteɪtsˌmɛn/
a person who is involved in politics, especially one who has an important position in the government
Example: The statesmen gathered to discuss important policies.
philosophy
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(n) /fəˈlɑːsəfi/
the study of ideas about knowledge, truth, and the meaning of life
Example: He likes to read books about philosophy.
accomplishment
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(n) /əˈkɑːmplɪʃmənt/
something that has been achieved successfully
Example: Winning the game was a great accomplishment for the team.
avail
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(v) /əˈveɪl/
to make use of something
Example: People should avail themselves of the resources available to them.
foster
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(v) /ˈfɔːstər/
to help something develop or grow
Example: They aim to foster a love of reading in children.
elite
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(n) /ɪˈliːt/
a group of people who are considered to be the best or most powerful in a society
Example: The elite of the city attended the gala.
chaos
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(n) /ˈkeɪ.ɑs/
a state of complete disorder and confusion
Example: The room was left in total chaos after the party.
emergence
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(n) /ɪˈmɜrdʒəns/
the process of coming into view or becoming important
Example: The emergence of new technology changes our lives.
irresponsible
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(adj) /ˌɪrəˈspɒnsəbl/
not showing a proper sense of responsibility
Example: Some people think that being irresponsible is fun.
masses
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(n) /ˈmæsɪz/
a large group of people
Example: The masses gathered to see the concert.
cognitive
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(adj) /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.tɪv/
related to the mental processes of understanding, thinking, and learning
Example: She has a cognitive ability to solve complex problems.
intelligence
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(n) /ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒəns/
the ability to think, learn, and understand
Example: Her intelligence helped her solve the puzzle quickly.
notion
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(n) /ˈnoʊ.ʃən/
an idea or belief about something
Example: Her notion of friendship is very important to her.
perceive
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(v) /pərˈsiːv/
to become aware of something through the senses
Example: I perceive a change in the weather.
evaluate
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(v) /ɪˈvæljueɪt/
to judge or calculate the quality or importance of something
Example: Teachers evaluate students' work regularly.
implicit
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(adj) /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/
understood without being directly stated
Example: Her facial expression showed implicit feelings of happiness.
theory
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(n) /ˈθɪəri/
an idea that explains something or a set of ideas about how things work
Example: The scientist proposed a new theory about how the universe began.
correction
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(n) /kəˈrɛkʃən/
a change made to something to correct an error or improve it
Example: The teacher gave a correction to my paper.
judgments
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(n) /ˈdʒʌdʒmənts/
decisions or opinions about something or someone
Example: She made several judgments about the movie.
framework
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(n) /ˈfreɪm.wɜrk/
a basic structure that supports or guides something
Example: The teacher used a framework to help students understand the topic.
scope
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(n) /skoʊp/
the range or extent of something
Example: The project had a limited scope and could only cover a few topics.
correspondence
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(n) /ˌkɔrɪˈspɒndəns/
the relationship between things or the way they connect
Example: There was a strong correspondence between the two reports.
elucidate
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(v) /ɪˈluːsɪdeɪt/
to make something clear and easy to understand
Example: The teacher will elucidate the lesson for the students.
developmental
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(adj) /dɪˌvɛl.əpˈmen.təl/
relating to growth or development
Example: The school has a program for developmental education.
cross-cultural
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(adj) /ˌkrɔs ˈkʌltʃərəl/
related to different cultures or societies
Example: He studies cross-cultural communication.
expectation
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(n) /ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən/
a belief about what will happen in the future
Example: My expectation is that we will finish the project on time.
participate
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(v) /pɑːrˈtɪsɪpeɪt/
to take part in something
Example: Many students participate in the school play.
philosopher-kings
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(n) /fəˈlɑsəfər kɪŋz/
rulers who are wise and make decisions based on their knowledge and understanding
Example: The idea of philosopher-kings means that the smartest people should lead society.
accomplishment
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(n) /əˈkɑːmplɪʃmənt/
something that has been achieved or done successfully
Example: Winning the race was her biggest accomplishment.
competency
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(n) /ˈkɑːmpɪtənsɪ/
the ability to do something successfully or efficiently
Example: He has the competency to lead the team.
intersubstitutable
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(adj) /ˌɪntərˌsʌb.stɪˈtjuː.tə.bəl/
able to be replaced with each other
Example: In the group, everyone is intersubstitutable for the role of a leader.
presupposition
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(n) /ˌpriː.sə.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/
an idea that is taken for granted without proof
Example: His argument is based on a presupposition that everyone agrees with him.
underlying
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(adj) /ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ/
forming the basis or cause of something
Example: The underlying problem needs to be fixed first.
assumption
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(n) /əˈsʌmpʃən/
something that you accept as true without proof
Example: Her assumption about the weather was incorrect.