Master the Cambridge IELTS 16 Academic Reading Test 3 Passage 2 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 16 Academic Reading Test 3 Passage 2
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artefact
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(n) /ˈɑrtəˌfækt/
an object made by a human being, often of historical or cultural interest
Example: The museum displayed an ancient artefact from Egypt.
treeline
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(n) /ˈtriːlaɪn/
the line above which trees do not grow
Example: There are no trees above the treeline.
shrink
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(v) /ʃrɪŋk/
to become smaller in size
Example: The sweater will shrink if you wash it in hot water.
vanish
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(v) /ˈvænɪʃ/
to disappear suddenly
Example: The magician made the rabbit vanish in a flash.
preserve
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(v) /prɪˈzɜrv/
to keep something in its original state or in good condition
Example: We need to preserve the old documents to protect our history.
insight
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(n) /ˈɪn.saɪt/
a deep understanding of something
Example: The researcher gained new insights from the study.
organic
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(adj) /ɔrˈɡænɪk/
relating to living things or their products
Example: The organic materials are important for understanding ancient cultures.
textile
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(n) /ˈtɛkstaɪl/
a type of cloth or woven material
Example: She bought a beautiful textile for her home.
hide
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(v) /haɪd/
to put something where it cannot be seen or found
Example: I want to hide my toys from my little brother.
microorganism
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(n) /ˌmaɪ.kroʊˈɔr.ɡən.ɪ.zəm/
a very small living thing, often too small to see without a microscope
Example: Microorganisms are found in soil and water.
decay
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(v) /dɪˈkeɪ/
to be slowly destroyed by a natural process
Example: The old building began to decay after many years of neglect.
thaw
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(v) /θɔ/
to become warm enough to melt or lose ice
Example: The ice will thaw in the spring.
degradation
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(n) /ˌdɛɡrəˈdeɪʃən/
the process of something becoming worse or being damaged
Example: The degradation of the environment affects all living things.
swift
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(adv) /swɪftli/
quickly or in a fast way
Example: The dog ran swiftly down the hill.
fragile
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(adj) /ˈfrædʒaɪl/
easily broken or damaged
Example: The fragile glass cup broke when it fell.
unpredictability
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(n) /ˌʌnpərˌɪktəˈbɪlɪti/
the quality of being unpredictable; not able to be predicted
Example: The unpredictability of the weather makes it hard to plan our picnic.
systematic
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(adj) /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/
done according to a plan or system
Example: The teacher has a systematic way of grading tests.
congregate
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(v) /ˈkɒŋɡrɪɡeɪt/
to come together in a group
Example: People often congregate in parks on sunny days.
stationary
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(adj) /ˈsteɪʃənˌɛri/
not moving or not intended to be moved
Example: The car was stationary at the red light.
frost-weathered
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(adj) /ˈfrɔstˌwɛðərd/
having been changed or worn by frost
Example: The hikers admired the frost-weathered rocks along the trail.
bedrock
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(n) /ˈbɛd.rɑk/
the solid rock layer beneath the soil and loose material
Example: The workers found bedrock when they dug deep into the ground.
permafrost
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(n) /ˈpɜr.məˌfrɔst/
permanently frozen ground
Example: The team set up their tents on the permafrost.
rewarding
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(adj) /rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ/
providing a benefit or satisfaction
Example: The work they did was very rewarding.
contract
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(n) /ˈkɒntrækt/
a legal agreement between people or groups
Example: They signed a contract to sell their house.
traverse
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(v) /trəˈværs/
to travel across or through something
Example: They will traverse the mountain to reach the other side.
tack
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(n) /tæk/
a piece of equipment used to control a horse
Example: The farmer needed to fix the horse tack before the ride.
radiocarbon-date
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(v) /ˈreɪdioʊˌkɑːrbən ˈdeɪt/
to find out the age of something by measuring the amount of carbon-14 it contains
Example: Scientists will radiocarbon-date the ancient bones to learn how old they are.
daunting
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(adj) /ˈdɔːntɪŋ/
making you feel worried or afraid
Example: The mountain's steep path was daunting for the new hikers.
terrain
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(n) /tɛˈreɪn/
the physical features of a stretch of land
Example: They hiked over rough terrain to reach the peak.
glacier
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(n) /ˈɡleɪʃər/
a large mass of ice that moves slowly over land
Example: The glacier in the mountains is beautiful.
extreme
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(adj) /ɪkˈstriːm/
very large in amount or degree
Example: The extreme weather caused many problems for the city.
elevation
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(n) /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/
the height of a place above sea level
Example: The mountain has a high elevation.
venture
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(v) /ˈvɛn.tʃər/
to do something risky or daring
Example: They venture into the forest to explore.
supplement
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(v) /ˈsʌplɪˌmɛnt/
to add something to make up for a deficiency or to improve
Example: They need to supplement their diet with more fruits and vegetables.
harvest
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(v) /ˈhɑrvɪst/
to gather crops from the fields
Example: Farmers harvest vegetables in the fall.
remarkably
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(adv) /rɪˈmɑrkəblɪ/
in a way that is unusual or surprising
Example: The scientist found remarkably well-preserved artefacts in the ice.
expansion
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(n) /ɪkˈspænʃən/
the process of increasing in size, number, or importance
Example: The expansion of the town brought in new businesses.
overland
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(adj) /ˈoʊvərˌlænd/
relating to travel across land (not water)
Example: They decided to take an overland route to the mountains.
booming
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(adj) /ˈbuːmɪŋ/
growing or increasing quickly
Example: The economy is booming in the city.
prehistory
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(n) /ˌpriːˈhɪs.tə.ri/
the time in history before written records
Example: Archaeologists study prehistory to learn about early humans.
disintegrate
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(v) /dɪsˈɪntɪɡreɪt/
to break apart into many small pieces
Example: The old building will disintegrate if it is not repaired.
retreat
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(v) /rɪˈtriːt/
to move back or withdraw
Example: The soldiers had to retreat from the battle.
archaeological
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(adj) /ˌɑrkiəˈlɑdʒɪkəl/
related to the study of ancient history through objects and remains
Example: The team found many archaeological items in the melting ice.
fieldwork
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(n) /ˈfiːldˌwɜrk/
practical work done in a natural environment, especially in research or study
Example: The team is excited to start their fieldwork in the mountains.
systematic
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(adj) /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/
done according to a plan or system
Example: The teacher uses a systematic approach to teach her students.
rare
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(adj) /rɛr/
not occurring very often
Example: Finding a diamond is a rare event.
insight
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(n) /ˈɪn.saɪt/
a clear understanding of something
Example: The archaeologists gained insight into ancient life.
environmental
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(adj) /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntl/
relating to the natural world and the impact of human activity on it
Example: The researcher is studying environmental changes in the region.
economic
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(adj) /ˌiː.kəˈnɑː.mɪk/
related to the system of money, trade, and industry in a country or region
Example: The economic situation in the city is improving.
antler
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(n) /ˈæntlər/
a branch on the head of a deer or similar animal that is often shed and regrown each year
Example: The hunter found an antler in the snow.
comb
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(n) /koʊm/
a tool used to tidy or arrange hair
Example: She used a comb to smooth her hair.
prehistoric
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(adj) /ˌpriːhɪˈstɔrɪk/
relating to the time before written records
Example: The museum has many prehistoric tools on display.
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