Master the Cambridge IELTS 17 Academic Reading Test 3 Passage 2 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 17 Academic Reading Test 3 Passage 2
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edible
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(adj) /ˈɛdɪbəl/
safe to eat
Example: The fruit is edible and tastes sweet.
derive
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(v) /dɪˈraɪv/
to get something from a source
Example: We can derive many benefits from exercising regularly.
consume
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(v) /kənˈsjuːm/
to use up a resource or take in something, like food or information
Example: People consume food for energy.
manufacturer
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(n) /ˌmæn.jəˈfæk.tʃər.ər/
a company that makes products for sale
Example: The manufacturer delivers new products every month.
preservation
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(n) /ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən/
the action of keeping something safe or protecting it from harm
Example: The preservation of wildlife is very important.
maximize
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(v) /ˈmæk.sɪ.maɪz/
to make something as large or great as possible
Example: They want to maximize their profits this year.
devote
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(v) /dɪˈvoʊt/
to give time, money, or effort to something
Example: Many farmers devote their lives to growing crops.
cropland
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(n) /ˈkrɔpˌlænd/
land used for growing crops
Example: The farmer has a lot of cropland for planting vegetables.
conservationist
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(n) /ˌkɑn.sɜrˈveɪ.ʃən.ɪst/
a person who protects the environment and wildlife
Example: The conservationist worked hard to protect the forest.
cite
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(v) /saɪt/
to mention something as a source of information or evidence
Example: Many experts cite important studies when discussing this issue.
deforestation
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(n) /ˌdiːˌfɔːrɪˈsteɪʃən/
the act of cutting down many trees in an area
Example: Deforestation is a serious problem for the planet.
dwindle
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(v) /ˈdwɪndəl/
to gradually become less in amount or size
Example: The number of endangered animals continues to dwindle each year.
monoculture
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(n) /ˈmɒnəˌkʌltʃər/
the practice of growing only one type of crop in a particular area
Example: Farmers often use monoculture to increase their crop yields.
endangered
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(adj) /ɪnˈdeɪndʒərd/
at risk of disappearing completely
Example: The scientists study endangered animals to help protect them.
fauna
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(n) /ˈfɔːnə/
the animals of a particular region or habitat
Example: The forest is home to many unique fauna.
unstoppable
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(adj) /ʌnˈstɑːpəbl/
impossible to stop or prevent
Example: The unstoppable growth of the city amazed everyone.
biodiversity
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(n) /ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜr.sɪ.ti/
the variety of different types of living things in a particular area
Example: We need to protect biodiversity in our parks.
boycott
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(v) /ˈbɔɪ.kɒt/
to refuse to buy or use something as a way to protest
Example: They decided to boycott the product because of its harmful effects.
nuance
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(n) /ˈnuː.ɑːns/
a small difference in meaning or feeling
Example: The painting has a subtle nuance that makes it special.
intuitive
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(adj) /ɪnˈtjuː.ɪ.tɪv/
easy to understand or know without needing to think about it
Example: The solution to the problem seemed intuitive to me.
complexity
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(n) /kəmˈplɛks.ɪ.ti/
the state of being complicated or not easy to understand
Example: The complexity of the situation made it hard to find a solution.
eliminate
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(v) /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/
to remove or get rid of something
Example: We need to eliminate waste in our project.
livelihood
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(n) /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/
the way someone earns money to live
Example: Many people depend on farming for their livelihood.
utilitarian
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(adj) /ˌjuːtɪlɪˈtɛriən/
designed to be useful and practical
Example: The utilitarian design of the furniture makes it easy to use.
contention
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(n) /kənˈtɛnʃən/
a disagreement or argument
Example: There was a lot of contention about the best way to solve the problem.
straightforward
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(adj) /ˌstreɪtˈfɔːrwərd/
easy to understand or simple
Example: The instructions for the game were straightforward.
profitable
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(adj) /ˈprɒf.ɪ.tə.bəl/
able to make a profit or money
Example: The new product was very profitable for the company.
ecological
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(adj) /ˌiː.kəˈlɑː.dʒɪ.kəl/
related to the environment and living things
Example: Many scientists study ecological systems carefully.
competitor
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(n) /kəmˈpɛtɪtər/
a person or company that competes against others
Example: Each competitor tries to win the race.
sequester
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(v) /siˈkwɛstər/
to isolate or set apart from others
Example: The scientist wanted to sequester the sample for further study.
virgin
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(n) /ˈvɜrdʒɪn/
a person who has never had sexual intercourse
Example: She wants to remain a virgin until marriage.
regulate
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(v) /ˈrɛɡ.jʊ.leɪt/
to control or maintain something according to rules or laws
Example: The government will regulate the food industry.
transparency
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(n) /trænˈspærənsi/
the quality of being clear and open about something
Example: The company showed great transparency in their financial report.
criterion
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(n) /kraɪˈtɪəriən/
a standard or principle used for judging something
Example: The teacher set a high criterion for the students' projects.
certify
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(v) /ˈsɜrtɪfaɪ/
to officially recognize or confirm something as true or valid
Example: The organization will certify the product after testing it.
equivalent
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(adj) /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/
having the same value or meaning as something else
Example: One kilogram is equivalent to about 2.2 pounds.
sterile
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(adj) /ˈstɛr.aɪl/
free from bacteria or other living microorganisms
Example: The doctor used sterile tools for the surgery.
hint
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(n) /hɪnt/
a small piece of advice or information
Example: She gave me a hint about the answer.
epiphytic
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(adj) /ˌɛpɪˈfaɪtɪk/
growing on another plant but not taking nutrients from it
Example: The bird's nest fern grows in an epiphytic way on trees.
nutrient
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(n) /ˈnjuː.tri.ənt/
a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life
Example: Fruits and vegetables are good sources of nutrient.
native
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(adj) /ˈneɪ.tɪv/
belonging to a particular place by birth or origin
Example: The bird's nest fern is native to many tropical regions.
keystone
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(n) /ˈkiːstoʊn/
a main or important part of something that helps hold it together
Example: The bird's nest fern is a keystone species in the ecosystem.
vital
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(adj) /ˈvaɪtəl/
extremely important and necessary
Example: Water is vital for all living things.
reintroduce
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(v) /ˌriːˌɪntrəˈduːs/
to bring something back again or to introduce it again
Example: They plan to reintroduce the bird's nest fern to help the ecosystem.
recover
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(v) /rɪˈkʌvər/
to get back something lost or to return to a good condition
Example: She will recover her health after the illness.
invertebrate
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(n) /ɪnˈvɜrtəbrət/
an animal that does not have a backbone
Example: Invertebrates can be found in many habitats, including the ocean.
amphibian
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(n) /æmˈfɪbiən/
a type of animal that can live both in water and on land
Example: Frogs are an example of an amphibian.
reptile
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(n) /ˈrɛpˌtaɪl/
a cold-blooded animal that has scales, like snakes and lizards
Example: The museum has a display of different types of reptile.
mammal
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(n) /ˈmæməl/
a type of animal that has hair or fur and usually gives birth to live young
Example: A cat is a mammal.
sustainability
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(n) /səˌsteɪnəˈbɪlɪti/
the ability to be maintained over the long term
Example: We should focus on sustainability to protect the environment.
yield
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(n) /jiːld/
the amount of something produced, especially crops
Example: The farmers aim to increase their yield this year.