Cambridge IELTS 17 Academic Reading Test 4 Passage 1

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Definition

(n) the protection of plants, animals, and natural resources Example: Many people work in ______ to protect the environment.

Term

conservation

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Definition

(adj) made weak or difficult by pressure or stress Example: The relationship between the farmers and the land is ______.

Term

strained

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Definition

(n) the act of growing crops or plants Example: ______ is important for producing food.

Term

cultivation

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Definition

(n) a basic food that is eaten regularly Example: Rice is a ______ in many countries.

Term

staple

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Definition

(n) the action of maintaining or supporting oneself, especially at a minimal level Example: The farmers rely on ______ to feed their families.

Term

subsistence

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Definition

(adj) causing a lot of damage or destruction Example: The storm had a ______ effect on the town.

Term

devastating

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Definition

(n) the natural home of a plant or animal Example: The forest is a perfect ______ for many animals.

Term

habitat

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Definition

(n) the variety of different plants and animals in a particular area Example: ______ is essential for a healthy environment.

Term

biodiversity

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Definition

(adj) feeding on insects Example: The ______ bats eat many bugs every night.

Term

insectivorous

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Definition

(v) to grow or develop well or vigorously Example: The flowers ______ in the sunshine.

Term

thrive

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Definition

(n) a possible effect or result of something Example: The ______ of the findings is that bats help farmers.

Term

implication

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Definition

(n) a person who studies animals Example: The ______ studies the behavior of bats.

Term

zoologist

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Definition

(n) the act of cutting down or clearing away trees from a forest Example: ______ is a big problem for many animals.

Term

deforestation

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Definition

(v) to consist of or be made up of Example: Many countries ______ the United Nations.

Term

comprise

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Definition

(adj) native to a particular place Example: The ______ bats help farmers in Madagascar.

Term

indigenous

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Definition

(n) a large group of insects moving together Example: The farmer saw a ______ of insects above the rice fields.

Term

swarming

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Definition

(v) to stop something from being seen or expressed Example: They ______ their feelings during the meeting.

Term

suppress

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Definition

(n) a young form of a butterfly or moth Example: A ______ crawled slowly on the leaf.

Term

caterpillar

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Definition

(n) a type of caterpillar that can harm plants Example: The grass ______ is a pest that damages rice crops.

Term

webworm

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Definition

(adj) relating to sound waves with a frequency too high for humans to hear Example: The researchers used ______ recorders to study bat sounds.

Term

ultrasonic

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Definition

(n) the ability to use sound waves to find objects or navigate Example: Bats use ______ to locate their food in the dark.

Term

echolocation

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Definition

(n) a series of events or things that follow each other Example: The ______ of numbers is important for the code.

Term

sequence

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Definition

(v) to search for and gather food Example: Bats are ______ for insects at night.

Term

foraging

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Definition

(n) a community of living things and their environment Example: The rainforest has a rich ______ with many plants and animals.

Term

ecosystem

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Definition

(adj) able to be easily influenced or affected Example: Some plants are more ______ to pests than others.

Term

susceptible

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Definition

(n) a large number of insects or animals that cause harm Example: The farm had an ______ of caterpillars.

Term

infestation

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Definition

(n) a type of insect that harms plants Example: The ______ attacked the coffee plants, causing damage.

Term

borer

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Definition

(n) a large insect that makes a loud noise in the summer Example: I heard a ______ singing in the trees.

Term

cicada

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Definition

(n) a type of striped or spotted cat, usually domestic Example: The ______ slept on the windowsill.

Term

tabby

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Definition

(n) a risk or a situation that is important

Term

stake

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Definition

(n) a disease that causes swelling in the limbs and genitals due to a parasitic infection Example: ______ can make it difficult for people to walk.

Term

elephantiasis

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Definition

(n) a small black fly that can cause disease in humans and animals

Term

blackfly

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Definition

(v) to rest or sleep in a high place Example: The bats ______ in the old trees.

Term

roost

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Definition

(adj) considered holy or very important Example: Many people believe that the caves are ______ places.

Term

sacred

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Definition

(n) a person from whom you are descended Example: My ______ came from another country.

Term

ancestor

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Definition

(adv) in a way that is shared by two or more parties Example: The farmers and bats help each other ______.

Term

mutually

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Definition

(adj) able to be maintained or continued without harming the environment Example: Farmers want to find ______ ways to grow food.

Term

sustainable

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Definition

(n) a way to earn money to live Example: Many people rely on farming for their ______.

Term

livelihood

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Definition

(v) to measure or express something in numbers Example: It is hard to ______ the amount of help we get.

Term

quantify

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Definition

(n) the process of something being renewed or restored Example: The forest showed signs of ______ after the fire.

Term

regeneration

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Definition

(adj) hopeful and confident about the future Example: She is ______ about her chances of winning the competition.

Term

optimistic

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Definition

(n) a small animal with six legs, often with wings Example: An ______ crawled on the table.

Term

insect

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Definition

(n) an unwanted insect or animal that damages plants or crops Example: The farmer sprayed the field to get rid of the ______.

Term

pest

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Definition

(n) a field of rice Example: The farmer worked in the ______ every morning.

Term

paddy

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Definition

(n) a type of animal that has hair or fur and feeds its babies with milk Example: A dog is a ______.

Term

mammal

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Definition

(adj) originating or produced in a particular country or region Example: The ______ plants grow well in this area.

Term

native

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Definition

(adj) something that has been registered or noted, often in writing or audio format Example: The scientist studied thirty-six ______ bat species.

Term

recorded

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Definition

(adj) relating to living things Example: The ______ study showed how bats help the environment.

Term

biological

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Definition

(n) waste matter or feces, especially from animals Example: The gardener found bat ______ near the trees.

Term

droppings

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Definition

(n) a substance that helps plants and animals grow Example: Plants need a lot of ______ to grow healthy.

Term

nutrient

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Definition

(n) water that flows away from land after rain Example: ______ from the fields can carry soil into the river.

Term

run-off

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