Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic Reading Test 2 Passage 1

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Definition

(n) a person who studies ancient cultures and artifacts Example: An ______ found ancient tools in the ground.

Term

archaeologist

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Definition

(adj) relating to the time before written records Example: The ______ animals lived long before humans existed.

Term

prehistoric

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Definition

(n) a structure built to remember a person or an event Example: The ______ honors the soldiers who fought in the war.

Term

monument

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Definition

(v) to build or set up something in a vertical position Example: They will ______ a new building in the town center.

Term

erect

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Definition

(v) to consist of or be made up of

Term

comprise

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Definition

(adj) widely known and recognized, often because of its importance or uniqueness Example: The Eiffel Tower is an ______ symbol of Paris.

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iconic

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Definition

(n) the state of being destroyed or spoiled Example: The old building fell into ______ after many years.

Term

ruin

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Definition

(adj) relating to the New Stone Age, a time when people first began to farm and make tools Example: The ______ people built structures using large stones.

Term

Neolithic

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Definition

(adj) simple and not advanced Example: He used a ______ tool to cut the wood.

Term

primitive

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Definition

(n) a popular style or trend in clothing or behavior Example: She loves to follow the latest ______.

Term

fashion

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Definition

(n) one of the two horns that grow on the head of a deer Example: The deer lost one ______ in the autumn.

Term

antler

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Definition

(n) a long narrow hole that is dug in the ground Example: They dug a ______ to collect rainwater.

Term

ditch

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Definition

(n) a circular area of land, often with a bank or ditch Example: They dug a ______ for the ancient ceremony.

Term

henge

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Definition

(n) a deep hole in the ground Example: He fell into a ______ while playing outside.

Term

pit

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Definition

(n) wood that has been cut and prepared for building Example: The carpenter used ______ to build the house.

Term

timber

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Definition

(n) a person who studies a subject in great detail Example: The ______ wrote a book about ancient history.

Term

scholar

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Definition

(v) to lift something heavy Example: They need to ______ the flag up the pole.

Term

hoist

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Definition

(n) a type of hard stone used in building

Term

bluestone

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Definition

(n) the way in which something is arranged or organized Example: The birds flew in a V ______.

Term

formation

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Definition

(v) to find or follow the path of something Example: The archaeologists ______ the origin of the stones.

Term

trace

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Definition

(adj) having a lot of knowledge or experience about the world and complicated subjects Example: He has a ______ understanding of art.

Term

sophisticated

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Definition

(v) to pull or carry with effort Example: They ______ heavy boxes to the truck.

Term

haul

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Definition

(n) a large rounded stone Example: They saw a ______ in the path.

Term

boulder

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Definition

(n) a type of vehicle used for carrying heavy loads over snow or ice Example: They used a ______ to move the heavy boxes across the snow.

Term

sledge

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Definition

(n) a cylindrical object that rolls, often used to move heavy things Example: They used a ______ to move the heavy stone.

Term

roller

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Definition

(v) to carry something heavy Example: They need to ______ the boxes into the warehouse.

Term

lug

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Definition

(n) a flat structure made of pieces of wood tied together, used for floating on water Example: They built a ______ to cross the river.

Term

raft

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Definition

(v) to stay on the surface of a liquid without sinking Example: The boat can ______ on the water.

Term

float

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Definition

(adv) in a different way or as another choice Example: You can ______ take the bus to school.

Term

alternatively

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Definition

(v) to pull a vehicle or boat along Example: They will ______ the car to the repair shop.

Term

tow

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Definition

(n) a group of ships or vehicles operating together Example: The ______ sailed across the ocean.

Term

fleet

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Definition

(n) a container used to hold liquids Example: The vase is a beautiful ______ for flowers.

Term

vessel

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Definition

(n) an idea that can be tested to see if it is true Example: The scientist proposed a new ______ for the experiment.

Term

hypothesis

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Definition

(n) a type of material made from thin branches or twigs that are woven together Example: The chair is made of ______.

Term

wicker

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Definition

(n) a male cow that is trained to work Example: Farmers often use ______ to help pull heavy loads.

Term

oxen

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Definition

(n) a scientist who studies the Earth and its structure Example: The ______ studied the rocks and soil.

Term

geologist

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Definition

(n) a discussion where people express different opinions about a topic Example: The ______ about the best way to build a fence was interesting.

Term

debate

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Definition

(adj) hardworking and diligent Example: The ______ students completed all their assignments on time.

Term

industrious

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Definition

(n) a large mass of ice that moves slowly over land Example: The ______ was huge and covered the mountains.

Term

glacier

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Definition

(adj) having doubts about something Example: The scientist was ______ about the new theory.

Term

sceptical

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Definition

(n) a type of rock made of small grains of sand that have been cemented together Example: The house is made of ______.

Term

sandstone

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Definition

(n) a thick, flat piece of stone or other material Example: The workers used a heavy ______ to build the wall.

Term

slab

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Definition

(n) a type of large sandstone used in prehistoric buildings Example: The ______ stones are very heavy.

Term

sarsen

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Definition

(n) a shape that is like a curved slice of the moon Example: The moon looked like a ______ in the night sky.

Term

crescent

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Definition

(n) a type of structure made of three large stones, two vertical and one horizontal Example: The ______ is an important feature of Stonehenge.

Term

trilithon

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Definition

(n) a radioactive form of carbon used to date ancient objects Example: Scientists use ______ to find the age of old bones.

Term

radiocarbon

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Definition

(n) a member of an ancient group of priests in Celtic society Example: The ______ performed a ceremony in the forest.

Term

druid

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Definition

(adj) related to the law or the courts Example: The ______ system ensures fair trials for everyone.

Term

judicial

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Definition

(adj) relating to the Celts, an ancient group of people in Europe Example: He enjoys reading about ______ history.

Term

Celtic

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Definition

(n) a person who studies or collects antiques or ancient objects Example: The ______ visited the museum to learn more about ancient artifacts.

Term

antiquarian

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Definition

(v) to discover something by digging or searching Example: They will ______ new artifacts during the excavation.

Term

unearth

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Definition

(n) the time when the sun is farthest from the equator, resulting in the longest or shortest day Example: Many people celebrate the summer ______ with festivals.

Term

solstice

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Definition

(v) to live in or occupy a place Example: Many different groups of people ______ the area around Stonehenge.

Term

inhabit

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Definition

(n) a group of people who share a culture or language Example: The ______ lives in the forest.

Term

tribe

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Definition

(n) an object made by a human being, usually of historical or cultural interest Example: The museum displayed an ancient ______ from Egypt.

Term

artifact

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Definition

(adj) related to farming or the cultivation of land Example: The ______ society relied on crops for its survival.

Term

agrarian

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Definition

(adj) native to a place; originally from a particular region Example: The ______ people have lived in this area for thousands of years.

Term

indigenous

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Definition

(adj) related to a group of people or community Example: The members of the ______ garden all worked together to grow vegetables.

Term

communal

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Definition

(n) a person who comes to live in a different country Example: The ______ found a new job in the city.

Term

immigrant

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Definition

(n) a person who designs buildings Example: The ______ created a beautiful new home.

Term

architect

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Definition

(adj) not clear or known Example: The details of the event remain ______.

Term

shadowy

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Definition

(n) a general agreement Example: The team reached a ______ about the project.

Term

consensus

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Definition

(adj) relating to large stones used to build ancient structures Example: The ______ stones created a unique shape.

Term

megalithic

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Definition

(adj) relating to space or celestial bodies Example: The astronomer studied the stars and other ______ objects.

Term

astronomical

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Definition

(n) something that can be seen or noticed, especially something unusual Example: A rainbow is a beautiful ______ after the rain.

Term

phenomenon

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Definition

(n) a time in spring or autumn when day and night are of equal length Example: The ______ marks the beginning of spring.

Term

equinox

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Definition

(n) an event when one object moves in front of another object, blocking it temporarily Example: We saw a solar ______ last summer.

Term

eclipse

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Definition

(adj) having a lot of things close together, thick Example: The forest is ______ with trees.

Term

dense

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Definition

(adj) not clear or hard to understand

Term

obscure

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Definition

(v) to think or guess about something without having all the facts Example: They ______ about the reasons for the building's design.

Term

speculate

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Definition

(adj) having the ability to heal or cure Example: The doctor suggested a ______ treatment for the illness.

Term

curative

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