Master the Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic Reading Test 3 Passage 3 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 18 Academic Reading Test 3 Passage 3
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extract
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(v) /ɪkˈstrækt/
to take something out from a larger whole
Example: I need to extract the main ideas from the text.
literacy
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(n) /ˈlɪtərəsi/
the ability to read and write
Example: The school helps improve literacy among its students.
tentative
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(adj) /ˈtɛn.tə.tɪv/
not definite or certain
Example: She gave a tentative smile before speaking.
advocate
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(v) /ˈæd.və.keɪt/
to support or argue for a cause, policy, or idea
Example: She plans to advocate for better education in her community.
moderation
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(n) /ˌmɒdəˈreɪʃən/
the quality of avoiding excess or extremes
Example: She enjoys her desserts in moderation.
engagement
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(n) /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ.mənt/
the action of being involved or engaged
Example: Their engagement in the project helped it succeed.
gap
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(n) /ɡæp/
a space or break in something, or a difference between two things
Example: There is a gap between the two buildings.
streaming
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(n) /ˈstriː.mɪŋ/
the action of watching or listening to content (like videos or music) over the internet
Example: I enjoy streaming movies on weekends.
tracking
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(n) /ˈtrækɪŋ/
the act of following or monitoring something
Example: The tracking of student progress is important.
attainment
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(n) /əˈteɪn·mənt/
the act of achieving something
Example: Her achievement was a great attainment for the team.
macro
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(n) /ˈmækroʊ/
large in scale or scope
Example: The country is facing macro economic challenges.
establishment
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(n) /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/
an organization or institution
Example: The establishment helps students learn better.
academically
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(adv) /ˌæk.əˈdɛm.ɪ.kli/
in a way that relates to education or scholarly work
Example: She excels academically and always gets good grades.
selective
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(adj) /sɪˈlɛktɪv/
choosing or allowing some things but not others
Example: She is very selective about the books she reads.
comprehensive
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(adj) /ˌkɒmprɪˈhɛnsɪv/
including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something
Example: The report is comprehensive and covers many important topics.
stakeholder
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(n) /ˈsteɪkˌhoʊldər/
a person or group that has an interest in something
Example: The stakeholders in the project met to discuss their ideas.
analogy
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(n) /əˈnælədʒi/
a similarity between two things, often used to explain something
Example: The teacher used an analogy to help us understand the concept better.
brisk
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(adj) /brɪsk/
quick and active
Example: The runner took a brisk walk to warm up.
wane
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(v) /weɪn/
to become smaller or less intense
Example: The light began to wane as the sun set.
enthusiasm
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(n) /ɪnˈθuːziˌæzəm/
a strong feeling of excitement and interest
Example: Her enthusiasm for painting inspired her friends.
embarrassed
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(adj) /ɪmˈbærəst/
feeling awkward or ashamed
Example: She felt embarrassed when she tripped in front of everyone.
frustrate
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(v) /frʌsˈtreɪt/
to make someone feel annoyed or discouraged because they cannot achieve something
Example: The long wait in line can frustrate anyone.
summit
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(n) /ˈsʌmɪt/
the highest point or peak of something
Example: We finally reached the summit of the mountain.
straggler
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(n) /ˈstræɡlər/
a person who moves slowly or falls behind others
Example: The straggler needed help to keep up with the group.
mediocrity
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(n) /ˌmiːdiˈɑːkrɪti/
the quality of being average or not very good
Example: The team's performance was marked by mediocrity.
prevail
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(v) /prɪˈveɪl/
to be more powerful or successful than others
Example: In the end, kindness will prevail.
pedagogical
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(adj) /ˌpɛd.əˈɡɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/
related to teaching or education
Example: The teacher used a pedagogical approach to help her students learn better.
paradigm
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(n) /ˈpærəˌdaɪm/
a typical example or pattern of something
Example: The teacher used a different paradigm to teach the students.
constructivism
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(n) /kənˈstrʌk.tɪ.vɪ.zəm/
a theory about how people learn by building their own understanding
Example: The school uses constructivism to help students learn better.
emphasize
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(v) /ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz/
to give special importance or attention to something
Example: Teachers emphasize the importance of reading every day.
proximal
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(adj) /ˈprɒksɪməl/
near or close in position or time
Example: The proximal area of the body is important for movement.
autonomous
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(adj) /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/
able to act independently or make your own decisions
Example: The students became autonomous and managed their own projects.
aptitude
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(n) /ˈæptɪˌtjuːd/
natural ability to do something
Example: She has a great aptitude for learning new languages.
empirical
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(adj) /ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl/
based on observation or experience rather than theory
Example: The study provided empirical data to support the theory.
minimal
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(adj) /ˈmɪnɪməl/
the least amount possible
Example: The teacher had minimal supplies for the lesson.
significant
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(adj) /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/
important and deserving attention
Example: The results of the study are significant for future research.
socioeconomic
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(adj) /ˌsoʊsiˌoʊɪˈkɑnəmɪk/
relating to social and economic factors
Example: Many programs aim to help those in low socioeconomic groups.
entrenching
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(v) /ɪnˈtrɛntʃ/
to establish something firmly or securely
Example: The new policies may entrench inequality in the system.
influential
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(adj) /ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl/
having a lot of power to change people or things
Example: The influential book changed how people think about learning.
meta-analysis
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(n) /ˈmɛtə əˌnælɪsɪs/
a method of combining and analyzing data from different studies to draw conclusions
Example: The researcher conducted a meta-analysis of the results to see the overall trends.
diverse
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(adj) /daɪˈvɜrs/
showing a great variety; different
Example: The school has a diverse group of students.
flexible
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(adj) /ˈflɛksəbl/
able to change easily or be used in different ways
Example: She is flexible with her work schedule.
peer-to-peer
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(adj) /pɪr tʊ pɪr/
a type of network where each participant can connect directly to others without going through a central server
Example: In a peer-to-peer network, computers share files directly with each other.
crucial
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(adj) /ˈkruːʃəl/
very important or necessary
Example: It is crucial to study before the test.
unrecognized
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(adj) /ʌnˈrɛkəɡnaɪzd/
not recognized or identified
Example: The artist felt unrecognized for her talent.
cognitive
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(adj) /ˈkɒɡnɪtɪv/
related to thinking and understanding
Example: She improved her cognitive skills by solving puzzles.
zeal
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(n) /ziːl/
great enthusiasm for something
Example: She showed her zeal for learning new things.
collaborative
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(adj) /kəˈlæb.ə.reɪ.tɪv/
involving two or more people working together
Example: The group project was very collaborative and everyone contributed.
flourish
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(v) /ˈflʌr.ɪʃ/
to grow or develop in a healthy or successful way
Example: The flowers flourish in the sunshine.
reluctant
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(adj) /rɪˈlʌktənt/
feeling unwilling or hesitant
Example: She was reluctant to share her toy.
lookout
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(n) /ˈlʊkaʊt/
a person who watches for danger or something important
Example: The lookout spotted a deer in the distance.
diagnosed
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(v) /ˈdaɪəɡnoʊzd/
to identify a disease or condition by examining someone
Example: She was diagnosed with a health problem last year.
scaffold
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(n) /ˈskæf.əʊld/
a structure that supports something, especially during a building process
Example: The builder used a scaffold to reach the top of the wall.
intervention
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(n) /ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən/
the act of getting involved to help change a situation
Example: The teacher's intervention helped the struggling students understand the lesson.
estimate
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(v) /ˈɛstɪmeɪt/
to guess or calculate the value or amount of something
Example: We need to estimate the cost of the project.
interaction
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(n) /ˌɪn.tərˈæk.ʃən/
the way people communicate or work together
Example: The interaction in the group helped everyone learn better.
resource
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(n) /ˈriˌsɔrs/
something that can be used for help or support
Example: The teacher used many resources to help the students learn.
communication
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(n) /kəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃən/
the act of sharing information or ideas
Example: Good communication helps everyone understand each other.
social
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(adj) /ˈsoʊʃəl/
relating to society or how people interact with each other
Example: She enjoys spending time in social gatherings.
challenging
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(adj) /ˈtʃæl.ɪn.dʒɪŋ/
difficult in a way that tests your ability or determination
Example: The mountain trail is challenging but enjoyable.