Master the Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic Listening Test 1 Part 4 vocabulary with our flashcard exercise.
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Cambridge IELTS 19 Academic Listening Test 1 Part 4
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Neolithic
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(adj) /ˌniː.əˈlɪθ.ɪk/
related to the last part of the Stone Age when people started to farm
Example: The Neolithic people built houses and grew crops.
archaeologist
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(n) /ˌɑːr.kiˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/
a person who studies human history by digging up sites and examining old objects
Example: An archaeologist found ancient tools buried in the ground.
predate
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(v) /prɪˈdeɪt/
to exist or happen before something else
Example: The ancient ruins predate the modern city.
bog
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(n) /bɔɡ/
an area of wet, muddy land
Example: The hikers walked carefully across the bog.
investigate
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(v) /ɪnˈvɛstɪɡeɪt/
to try to find out the truth about something
Example: The police will investigate the crime.
probe
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(n) /proʊb/
a tool used for exploring or examining something
Example: The scientist used a probe to study the soil.
carbon dating
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(n) /ˈkɑːrbən ˈdeɪtɪŋ/
a method used to determine the age of ancient objects using the amount of carbon in them
Example: The scientists used carbon dating to find out how old the bones were.
settlement
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(n) /ˈsɛtəlmənt/
a place where people live or have settled
Example: The settlement was built next to the river.
saturated
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(adj) /ˈsætʃʊˌreɪtɪd/
full of liquid; having absorbed as much liquid as possible
Example: The soil is saturated after the heavy rain.
accumulate
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(v) /əˈkjuː.mjʊ.leɪt/
to gather or collect over time
Example: The leaves accumulate on the ground in autumn.
preserve
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(v) /prɪˈzɜrv/
to keep something in a safe or good condition
Example: We need to preserve our natural resources.
acidity
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(n) /əˈsɪdəti/
the property of being acidic or having a sour taste
Example: The acidity of the lemon makes it very sour.
peat
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(n) /pit/
a type of soil that forms in wet, decaying plant material
Example: The gardener used peat to help the plants grow.
deficiency
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(n) /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/
a lack of something that is necessary
Example: The plant had a deficiency of nutrients.
predecessor
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(n) /ˈprɛdəˌsɛsər/
a person or thing that came before another
Example: Her predecessor helped to improve the school.
permanent
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(adj) /ˈpɜːrmənənt/
lasting for a long time or forever
Example: They built a permanent house in the countryside.
rectangular
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(adj) /rɛkˈtæŋɡjələr/
having the shape of a rectangle
Example: The table in the dining room is rectangular.
innovation
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(n) /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/
a new idea, method, or product
Example: The school encourages innovation in its students.
fragment
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(n) /ˈfræɡmənt/
a small piece or part of something
Example: I found a fragment of a broken pot in the garden.
paddock
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(n) /ˈpædək/
a small area of land used for animals, especially to eat grass
Example: The horse ran happily across the paddock.
graze
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(v) /ɡreɪz/
to eat grass in a field
Example: The cows graze in the open fields.
rotational
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(adj) /roʊˈteɪʃənl/
relating to the act of turning around a central point
Example: The farmer used a rotational system for grazing his animals.
sustain
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(v) /səˈsteɪn/
to keep something going over time
Example: They need water to sustain the plants.
extended
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(adj) /ɪkˈstɛndɪd/
having more members or being larger than usual
Example: The family had an extended vacation this summer.
regrowth
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(n) /ˈriːɡroʊθ/
the process of growing again after being damaged or destroyed
Example: The garden showed signs of regrowth after the winter.
abruptly
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(adv) /əˈbrʌptli/
in a sudden or unexpected way
Example: The meeting ended abruptly, and everyone left.
cease
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(v) /siːs/
to stop doing something
Example: The noise will cease once the concert is over.
contribute
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(v) /kənˈtrɪb.juːt/
to give something, like money or help, to support something
Example: Many people contribute to charity every year.
circumstance
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(n) /ˈsɜr.kəm.stæns/
the facts or events that affect a situation
Example: He was late because of bad circumstances.
productive
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(adj) /prəˈdʌk.tɪv/
able to produce a large amount of something
Example: The productive garden grew many vegetables.
abandonment
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(n) /əˈbændənmənt/
the act of leaving something behind or giving it up
Example: The abandonment of the building made it look old and broken.
intensive
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(adj) /ɪnˈtɛn.sɪv/
involving a lot of effort or work
Example: The athlete went through an intensive training program.
sustainable
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(adj) /səˈsteɪnəbl/
able to be maintained or continued without harming the environment
Example: We need to find sustainable ways to use our resources.
climatic
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(adj) /klaɪˈmætɪk/
relating to the climate or weather
Example: The climatic changes affected the farmers' ability to grow food.
pressure
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(n) /ˈprɛʃər/
the force or weight that pushes on something
Example: The pressure in the balloon made it pop.
encourage
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(v) /ɪnˈkɝːɪdʒ/
to make someone feel more confident or motivated
Example: Teachers encourage students to ask questions.
survive
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(v) /sərˈvaɪv/
to continue to live or exist, especially in difficult conditions
Example: Many animals can survive in harsh weather.
excavate
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(v) /ˈɛkskəveɪt/
to dig out material from the ground
Example: They will excavate the site to find artifacts.
artifact
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(n) /ˈɑːrtɪfækt/
an object made by a person, often for a particular purpose
Example: The museum has an ancient artifact from Egypt.
conserve
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(v) /kənˈsɜrv/
to use something carefully to prevent waste
Example: We should conserve water during the summer.
reconstruct
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(v) /ˌriː.kənˈstrʌkt/
to build or make something again
Example: They need to reconstruct the old bridge.
civilization
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(n) /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/
the society, culture, and way of life of a particular area
Example: Ancient civilization had many rules and traditions.
agriculture
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(n) /ˈæɡ.rɪ.kʌl.tʃər/
the practice of farming, including growing crops and raising animals
Example: Agriculture is important for feeding people.
domesticate
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(v) /dəˈmɛstɪkeɪt/
to train animals or plants to live with people
Example: People began to domesticate animals for food.
cultivation
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(n) /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/
the process of growing plants or crops
Example: Cultivation is important for food production.
sedentary
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(adj) /ˈsɛdənˌtɛri/
not active; spending most of the time sitting
Example: He has a sedentary job and rarely exercises.
megalith
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(n) /ˈmɛɡəˌlɪθ/
a large stone used in ancient buildings or monuments
Example: The megalith was taller than any tree in the forest.
stratigraphy
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(n) /strəˈtɪɡrəfi/
the study of layers of rocks and soil
Example: Stratigraphy helps us understand the history of the Earth.
chronology
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(n) /krəˈnɑːlədʒi/
the study of the order in which events happened
Example: The teacher explained the chronology of the historical events.
anthropology
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(n) /ˌænθrəˈpɑːlədʒi/
the study of humans, their behavior, and societies
Example: She wants to study anthropology in college.