Psychology And Music - IELTS Listening Answers & Explanations
From Cambridge IELTS 11 Academic Listening Test 4 · Part 3 · Questions 21–30
Audio
Questions
Questions 21–22 Multiple Choice (Two Answers)
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Questions 23–24 Multiple Choice (Two Answers)
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Questions 25–26 Multiple Choice (Two Answers)
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Questions 27–30 Multiple Choice (One Answer)
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
Answers & Explanations Summary
| # | Answer | Evidence | Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q21 | — | — | |
| Q22 | B / D | they’d done quite extensive tours in different continents I wasn’t specifically look for artists who’d produced recordings, but this is something that’s just taken for granted these days, and they all had. |
Excerpt/Transcript Explanation: The transcript talks about how the subjects in Joanna's psychology study had done extensive tours in different continents. It also mentions that creating music recordings is common nowadays and something the subjects took for granted. Answer Explanation: The answer indicates that the shared characteristics among the subjects were that they had all made music recordings and they had all toured internationally. Reason For Correctness: The correct answer is B and D because the subjects in Joanna's study shared the traits of having made music recordings (choice B) and having toured internationally (choice D), as mentioned in the excerpt where it is highlighted that the subjects had done extensive tours and all had produced music recordings. |
| Q23 | — | — | |
| Q24 | A / B | I realised if I was going to interview leading musicians it’s only be possible over the phone because they’re so busy And I don’t think using the phone meant I got less rich data rather the opposite in fact. |
Excerpt/Transcript Explanation: The transcript shows that Joanna preferred conducting interviews with busy musicians over the phone because they are easier to reach and schedule. Answer Explanation: The answer suggests that one point Joanna makes is related to collecting rich data through telephone interviews. Reason For Correctness: The correct answer is A because in the excerpt, Joanna mentions that using the phone did not result in less rich data. Instead, she implies that she actually received richer data through phone interviews. |
| Q25 | — | — | |
| Q26 | B / E | When I started I was more interested in trying to investigate the impact of what was worn on those listening whether someone like a violinist might adopt a different style of clothing from, say, someone playing the flute or the trumpet |
Excerpt/Transcript Explanation: The transcript talks about how Joanna was initially interested in studying how the clothing worn by performers can affect the audience and if different musicians might dress differently based on the instrument they play. Answer Explanation: The answer involves looking at how performers dress and the connection between their attire and their musical instrument. Reason For Correctness: The correct answer matches with the topics Joanna originally intended to investigate, which were related to the connections between performers' dress choices and their roles, as well as the possible links between musicians and the attire they choose based on the instruments they play. |
| Q27 | C | in social terms the choices they have are more limited … they’d really upset audiences if they strayed away from quite narrow boundaries. | Excerpt/Transcript Explanation: The transcript is saying that women performers have fewer options and must follow strict guidelines when it comes to their dress code. Answer Explanation: The answer suggests that Joanna focused on women performers because women have less strict rules about how they dress compared to men. Reason For Correctness: The correct answer is supported by the excerpt because it highlights how women performers have limited choices and must stay within certain boundaries regarding their attire. This contrasts with men, indicating that women may have more flexibility or freedom in their dress code, which aligns with answer choice C. |
| Q28 | A | he suggests this is because otherwise they’d just be discounted as trivial. | Excerpt/Transcript Explanation: The transcript suggests that women must dress in a certain way in popular music in order to not be seen as unimportant. Answer Explanation: The answer suggests that women's dress in popular music is affected by their desire to be taken seriously. Reason For Correctness: The correct answer is A because it aligns with the idea that women dress a certain way in popular music to avoid being dismissed as unimportant, as mentioned in the excerpt. Choosing to dress seriously helps them prevent being overlooked. |
| Q29 | A | They believed the audience had certain expectations and it was up to them as performers to fulfil these expectations to show a kind of esteem … | Excerpt/Transcript Explanation: The transcript talks about how the performers believed that the audience had specific expectations for them. They felt it was their responsibility to meet these expectations to show respect and admiration to the audience. Answer Explanation: The answer choice A suggests that the musicians' choice of clothing is related to showing respect to the audience. Reason For Correctness: The correct answer is A because the excerpt implies that the performers believed they needed to fulfill the audience's expectations as a sign of esteem. This aligns with the idea that the musicians' clothing choice is linked to respect for the audience. |
| Q30 | C | I’d imagine some features of sports clothing could safeguard the players from the potentially dangerous effects of this sort of thing. | Excerpt/Transcript Explanation: The transcript talks about how sports clothing could protect players from harm. Answer Explanation: The answer means that clothing in sports can help prevent physical injuries. Reason For Correctness: The correct answer is C, the way clothing may protect against physical injury, because the excerpt mentions that sports clothing can safeguard players from dangerous effects, indicating a protective role in preventing harm during sports activities. |
Transcript
SUPERVISOR: Hi, Joanna, good to meet you. Now, before we discuss your new research project. I’d like to hear something about the psychology study you did last year for your Master’s degree. So how did you choose your subjects for that?
JOANNA: Well, I had six subjects, all professional musicians, and all female. There were violinists and there was also a cello player and a pianist and a flute player. They were all very highly regarded in the music world and they’d done quite extensive tours in different continents, and quite a few had won prizes and competitions as well.
SUPERVISOR: And they were quite young, weren’t they?
JOANNA: Yes, between 25 and 29 – the mean was 27.8. I wasn’t specifically look for artists who’d produced recordings, but this is something that’s just taken for granted these days, and they all had.
SUPERVISOR: Right. Now you collected your data through telephone interviews, didn’t you?
JOANNA: Yes. I realised if I was going to interview leading musicians it’s only be possible over the phone because they’re so busy. I recorded them using a telephone recording adaptor. I’d been worried about the quality, but it worked out all right. I managed at least a 30-minute interview with each subject, sometimes longer.
SUPERVISOR: Did doing it on the phone make it more stressful?
JOANNA: I’d thought it might … it was all quite informal though and in fact they seemed very keen to talk. And I don’t think using the phone meant I got less rich data rather the opposite in fact.
SUPERVISOR: Interesting. And you were looking at how performers dress for concert performances?
JOANNA: That’s right. My research investigated the way players see their role as a musician and how this is linked to the type of clothing they decide to wear. But that focus didn’t emerge immediately. When I started I was more interested in trying to investigate the impact of what was worn on those listening, and also whether someone like a violinist might adopt a different style of clothing from, say, someone playing the flute or the trumpet.
SUPERVISOR: It’s interesting that the choice of dress is up to the individual, isn’t it?
JOANNA: Yes, you’d expect there to be rules about it in orchestras, but that’s quite rare.
——————————
SUPERVISOR: You only had women performers in your study. Was that because male musicians are less worried about fashion?
JOANNA: I think a lot of the men are very much influenced by fashion, but in social terms the choices they have are more limited … they’d really upset audiences if they strayed away from quite narrow boundaries.
SUPERVISOR: Hmm. Now, popular music has quite different expectations. Did you read Mike Frost’s article about the dress of women performers in popular music?
JOANNA: No.
SUPERVISOR: He points out that a lot of female singers and musicians in popular music tend to dress down in performances, and wear less feminine clothes, like jeans instead of skirts, and he suggests this is because otherwise they’d just be discounted as trivial.
JOANNA: But you could argue they’re just wearing what’s practical … I mean, a pop-music concert is usually a pretty energetic affair.
SUPERVISOR: Yes, he doesn’t make that point, but I think you’re probably right. I was interested by the effect of the audience at a musical performance when it came to the choice of dress.
JOANNA: The subjects I interviewed felt this was really important. It’s all to do with what we understand by performance as a public event. They believed the audience had certain expectations and it was up to them as performers to fulfil these expectations to show a kind of esteem …
SUPERVISOR: … they weren’t afraid of looking as if they’d made an effort to look good.
JOANNA: Mmm. I think in the past the audience would have had those expectation of one another too, but that’s not really the case now, not in the UK anyway.
SUPERVISOR: No.
JOANNA: And I also got interested in what sports scientists are doing too, with regard to clothing.
SUPERVISOR: Musicians are quite vulnerable physically, aren’t they, because the movements they carry out are very intensive and repetitive, so I’d imagine some features of sports clothing could safeguard the players from the potentially dangerous effects of this sort of thing.
JOANNA: Yes, but musicians don’t really consider it. They avoid clothing that obviously restricts their movements, but that’s as far as they go.
SUPERVISOR: Anyway, coming back to your own research, do you have any idea where you’re going from here?
JOANNA: I was thinking of doing a study using an audience, including ..