Ogilvie hopes to start finding answers to these questions over the next few years. One thing is already clear, she says: the relationship between education and economic growth is far from straightforward. ‘German-speaking central Europe is an excellent laboratory for testing theories of economic growth,’ she explains. Between 1600 and 1900, literacy rates and book ownership were high and yet the region remained poor. It was also the case that local guilds and merchant associations were extremely powerful and legislated against anything that undermined their monopolies. In villages throughout the region, guilds blocked labour migration and resisted changes that might reduce their influence.
The Cambridge IELTS Academic series uses authentic past papers from the official exam creators, making it the most reliable way to practice. Because the material closely matches the real Academic exam in format, logic, and difficulty, it is the best category to start with if you want a true exam experience.
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