The first table below shows changes in the total population of New York City from 1800 to 2000. The second and third tables show changes in the population of the five districts of the city (Manhattan, Brooklyn, Bronx, Queens, Staten Island) over the same period.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Samples
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write at least 250 words.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Access to clean water is a basic human right. Therefore, every home should have a water supply that is provided free of charge.
Do you agree or disagree?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
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Access to clean water is undeniably essential for human survival, health, and dignity. I strongly agree that it is a basic human right. However, I disagree that every home should receive a completely free water supply. While governments must ensure that no one dies of thirst, a small fee is necessary to prevent waste and maintain infrastructure.
Firstly, water is a finite resource. If water is completely free, people may use it carelessly. For example, in some countries with free or heavily subsidised water, people often leave taps running while brushing their teeth or overwater their gardens. This waste is harmful to the environment, especially in regions facing drought. Charging a small, affordable amount encourages responsible use. A good example is Germany, where water is expensive, yet consumption is low and waste is minimal.
Secondly, delivering clean water to every home requires huge costs. Pipes, treatment plants, pumps, and sanitation systems must be built, maintained, and regularly tested for safety. If water is entirely free, governments may lack the funds to repair leaks or improve water quality. This can lead to disasters. For instance, in some poor countries, free but poorly maintained systems have led to contaminated water, causing deadly diseases like cholera.
Nevertheless, I believe that a basic amount of water necessary for drinking, cooking, and basic hygiene should be provided at no cost to poor or vulnerable families. Many cities already use a “lifeline tariff” system: the first 20 or 30 litres per person per day are free, and any extra usage is charged. This balances the human right to water with environmental and economic responsibility.
In conclusion, while clean water is a basic human right, completely free water for every home is unrealistic and dangerous. It encourages waste and starves water systems of funds. Instead, governments should provide a free basic amount for the poor and charge a fair price for additional use to protect this precious resource for future generations.
The image shows a table with population data for New York City, including all five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, the Bronx, Queens, and Staten Island, in the 1800s, 1900s, and 2000s.
Overall, it is clear that the total number of residents for New York City grew dramatically over the last two centuries, while Manhattan’s share of total individuals declined, and the other boroughs’ shares increased significantly.
On the one hand, the total number of inhabitants steadily rose from 79,216 in 1800 to 8,009,185 in 2000. In 1800, Manhattan had 60,515 people, making up 76% of the city’s population. By 1900, the population rose to 1,850,093, 54% of the total, and by 2000 it was 1,538,096, representing only 19% of the city’s total community.
In contrast, the other boroughs had 18,701 inhabitants, 24% of the total, in 1800; 1,587,109, 46%, in 1900; and 6,471,089, 81%, in 2000, showing a substantial increase in both numbers and proportion.
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I can’t see the images