The diagram illustrates the series of stages involved in converting raw water into safe, drinkable water for public use. Overall, the process consists of eight sequential steps, beginning with the collection of untreated water and ending with its distribution to consumers after multiple purification procedures.
Initially, raw water from natural sources is pumped into the treatment system. It first undergoes screening, during which large debris such as leaves, twigs, and stones is removed. Following this, the water enters a sedimentation tank, allowing heavier particles and impurities to settle naturally at the bottom.
Once sedimentation is complete, the partially treated water is passed through filtration units containing layers of sand or activated carbon. This step eliminates finer contaminants and suspended solids. The next stage is disinfection, where chemical agents, typically chlorine or ozone, are added to destroy harmful microorganisms and ensure microbiological safety.
After being disinfected, the water is temporarily stored in a tank until required. In the final stage, the fully purified water is distributed through pipelines to households and other end users.
Overall, the system combines mechanical, physical, and chemical methods to guarantee a reliable supply of safe drinking water.