The provided bar chart renders a clear depiction of gross domestic spending on research and improvement in five distinct countries from 2001 to 2011.
Overall, the USA accounted for the lion’s share of domestic expenditure; in stark contrast, the percentage of domestic spending on research and development by Spain was the least significant over the period shown.
In terms of spending, in 2001, the figure for domestic expenditure was 2.6%, and it increased to 2.7% of GDP in 2011. Meanwhile, in France and in the UK, the percentage of spending slightly rose from 2.1% to 2.2% and 1.6% to 1.7% between 2001 and 2011.
On the other hand, the share of domestic spending on research and development by China was dramatically climbed from 1% to 1.7% of GDP, an increase of 0.7% over a decade. At the last stage of this chart, the percentage of domestic spending in Spain grew by 0.3%, from 0.9% to 1.2% over 11 years.
