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The image illustrates a cross-section of the Pacific Ocean and Pacific plate, showcasing the Hawaiian island chain with major islands labeled as Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and Hawaii. Below the surface, solid dense rock is noted under the Pacific plate. An arrow is depicted indicating the direction of the Pacific plate's movement, shifting to the left at a rate of 7-9 cm per year. The diagram indicates that the oldest volcano dates back 80 million years and highlights a "hot spot" within the magma supply, which remains static while the youngest volcano develops from accumulation of numerous eruptions, originating 2,800 km down.
Given the complexity of the image, the above description may not be entirely accurate.
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The diagram illustrates the data of how volcanoes work in Hawaiian island in the centre of the Pacific Ocean.
Overall, it is a natural cyclic process that create volcanoes in Hawaii through several stages.
Looking at more detail, it is apparent that volcanoic eruption process starts beneath the solid dense rock in the depth of 2883 km, where “hot spot” spume remains static. In addition, magma spume is created from each eruption and pushed through a narrow channel and the Pacific plate moves to its North from 7 to 9 cm annual. Then, experiencing a large number of eruptions, youngest volcanoes develop on the surface of the island.
Regarding the oldest volcano, it dates back every 80 million years, creating new volcanoes and contributinh to volcanoic island chain in Hawaii. Due to its cyclic process, Hawaii is recored as the biggest island in the Pacific Ocean, while the smallest is Niihau.
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