The illustration demonstrates the process of manufacturing and recycling paper.
Overall, a general glance reveals that the man-made process consists of 10 steps in the sequence, starting with felling tress, follwed by the conversion of wood into paper, and ending with recycling the used material.
The first four steps involve the transformation of the raw substance. Initially, trees are felled, and their bark is removed by using a rotating drum. After this, the debarked logs are conveyed into a chipping machine, where they are converted into small wood chips. These chips are subsequently pulped, then the mixture is pressed into flat papers. Thereafter, the pressed papers are rolled and finished, forming usable paper products, ready for the next stage.
The remaining steps involve the recycling of the paper used in newspaper production. Once the newspapers is read and discarded, they are collected and undergo a de-inking procedure to remove ink. After cleaning, the recovered paper is repulped, producing a pulp material that can be reintegrated into the initial production cycle, thereby supporting a sustainable cycle of paper usage.